本选题基于Cisco Packet Tracer网络仿真软件，并依据TCP/IP协议的分层模型进行实验设计。本书第一章介绍了Packet Tracer6.0使用指南，第二至六章给出了相关实验，依次为数据链路层实验、网络层协议实验、传输层实验、应用层实验、网络安全实验及综合实验。其中，每部分实验包括背景知识、实验目的、实验配置说明、实验步骤，以及相关的思考题。

“计算机网络”是信息技术各专业的重要基础课程之一。以Internet 为 代表的计算机网络已经发展成一个极其庞大的信息系统，涉及众多复杂的 网络协议和算法。而且这些协议和技术大多被网络采用的分层设计方法所 屏蔽和封装起来，比较抽象，不利于读者理解和学习。所以，能观察和分 析协议原理的实验是学习计算机网络必不可少的实践环节，本书编写的目 的就在于此。 本书设计的所有实验均在Cisco Packet Tracer 网络模拟系统上进行。该 软件是由Cisco 公司发布的一个网络辅助学习工具，其最大的优点是能采用 动画方式表现网络协议过程和数据封装，这对读者进一步理解网络的工作 原理和体系结构有很大的帮助。在实验内容上，本书以跟踪数据在网络中 的传输过程、捕获和分析数据传输中产生的数据包为主；在实验设计上， 本书紧扣计算机网络教学中的重点、难点，通过学生亲自动手操作实验或 者教师演示实验，使复杂抽象的网络概念、网络协议的学习和教学变得形 象生动，有助于学习者理解和掌握相关的概念和协议。 全书分为7 章，第1 章主要介绍Packet Tracer 的基本操作方法。第2～ 6 章围绕计算机网络系统中数据链路层、网络层、运输层、网络安全及应用 层的主要协议，精心设计了27 个实验。第7 章给出两个综合实验，一个涉 及垂直协议栈，其目的是让读者深入理解Internet 的工作原理和各层协议间 的协作关系；另一个涉及三层组网技术，其目的是让读者理解网络工程中 流量优化和高可靠等设计方法。与第一版相比，第二版增加了无线网络、 网络安全和三层组网等8 个新内容，并对多数实验进行了优化和调整，学 习效果更优。 在章节结构上，本书各实验均介绍和归纳了所涉及的背景知识，因此， 本书既可作为计算机网络课程的配套实验用书，也可单独作为自学教材使 用。针对每个实验，作者都亲自动手完成并反复验证，并在书中给出了详 细的实验操作步骤，确保实验内容的正确性及实验的可操作性。在每个实 验之后，还给出了相关思考题，以进一步加强读者对知识点的理解。 本书第1、6 章由赖会霞编写，第2 章由赖会霞和陈秋玲合作编写，第 3 章由叶阿勇编写，第4、5 章由张桢萍编写，第7 章由叶阿勇和赖会霞合 作编写，叶阿勇负责全书内容的选材和统稿工作，许力教授审阅了全书。 此外，本书附有各实验的配套电子文档和教学课件，读者可从华信教 育资源网下载。另外，本书所有实验用例文件均基于Cisco Packet Tracer 6.2 版本，请读者在进行实验时使用Packet Tracer 6.2 或以上版本打开用例文件。 由于作者水平所限，书中难免存在不足和疏漏之处，恳请广大读者和 同行批评指正。作者的联系电子邮箱：yay@fjnu.edu.cn。 作 者 2017 年7 月 于福建师范大学长安山

第1 章 Packet Tracer 6.2 使用指南 ······························································ 1 1.1 Packet Tracer 6.2 概述 ······································································· 1 1.2 Packet Tracer 6.2 操作界面 ······························································· 1 1.2.1 菜单栏 ···················································································· 2 1.2.2 拓扑工作区 ············································································ 4 1.2.3 设备列表区 ············································································ 5 1.3 使用Packet Tracer 6.2 搭建网络拓扑 ·············································· 6 1.3.1 添加网络设备 ········································································ 6 1.3.2 添加设备模块 ········································································ 8 1.3.3 连接网络设备 ······································································ 10 1.4 使用Packet Tracer 配置网络 ························································· 12 1.4.1 图形化配置界面配置网络设备 ··········································· 13 1.4.2 命令行接口CLI ··································································· 14 1.4.3 PC 的配置 ············································································ 18 1.5 使用Packet Tracer 进行协议分析 ················································· 19 1.5.1 Packet Tracer 操作模式 ······················································· 19 1.5.2 添加PDU ············································································· 22 1.5.3 查看协议数据包 ··································································· 23 第2 章 数据链路层实验 ·············································································· 25 2.1 实验一：PPP 与PPPoE 学习 ························································· 25 2.1.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 25 2.1.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 27 2.1.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 27 2.1.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 28 2.1.5 思考题 ·················································································· 34 2.2 实验二：以太网帧的封装实验 ······················································ 34 2.2.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 34 2.2.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 36 2.2.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 36 2.2.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 37 2.2.5 思考题 ·················································································· 39 2.3 实验三：集线器与交换机的对比实验 ·········································· 39 2.3.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 39 2.3.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 40 2.3.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 41 2.3.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 42 2.3.5 思考题 ·················································································· 45 2.4 实验四：交换机工作原理 ······························································ 46 2.4.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 46 2.4.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 47 2.4.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 47 2.4.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 48 2.4.5 思考题 ·················································································· 51 2.5 实验五：生成树协议（STP）分析 ··············································· 51 2.5.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 51 2.5.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 52 2.5.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 52 2.5.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 53 2.5.5 思考题 ·················································································· 58 2.6 实验六：虚拟局域网（VLAN）工作原理 ··································· 58 2.6.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 58 2.6.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 59 2.6.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 59 2.6.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 60 2.6.5 思考题 ·················································································· 65 2.7 实验七：无线局域网的帧封装实验 ·············································· 65 2.7.1 背景知识 ·············································································· 65 2.7.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 66 2.7.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 67 2.7.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 67 2.7.5 思考题 ·················································································· 68 第3 章 网络层协议实验 ·············································································· 69 3.1 实验一 ：IP 分析 ··········································································· 69 3.1.1 IP 简介 ·················································································· 69 3.1.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 71 3.1.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 71 3.1.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 72 3.1.5 思考题 ·················································································· 76 3.2 实验二：IP 地址实验 ····································································· 76 3.2.1 IP 地址简介 ·········································································· 76 3.2.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 77 3.2.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 78 3.2.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 78 3.2.5 思考题 ·················································································· 81 3.3 实验三：APR 分析 ········································································· 82 3.3.1 ARP 简介 ············································································· 82 3.3.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 82 3.3.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 83 3.3.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 83 3.3.5 思考题 ·················································································· 85 3.4 实验四：ICMP 分析 ······································································· 85 3.4.1 ICMP 协议简介 ···································································· 85 3.4.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 87 3.4.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 87 3.4.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 87 3.4.5 思考题 ·················································································· 89 3.5 实验五：直连路由与静态路由 ······················································ 90 3.5.1 路由知识 ·············································································· 90 3.5.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 91 3.5.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 91 3.5.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 92 3.5.5 思考题 ·················································································· 95 3.6 实验六：RIP 协议分析 ·································································· 95 3.6.1 RIP 协议简介 ······································································· 95 3.6.2 实验目的 ·············································································· 97 3.6.3 实验配置说明 ······································································ 97 3.6.4 实验步骤 ·············································································· 97 3.6.5 思考题 ·················································································· 99 3.7 实验七：OSPF 协议分析 ······························································· 99 3.7.1 OSPF 协议简介 ···································································· 99 3.7.2 实验目的 ············································································ 101 3.7.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 101 3.7.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 101 3.7.5 思考题 ················································································ 103 3.8 实验八：VPN 与NAT 协议分析 ················································· 103 3.8.1 背景知识 ············································································ 103 3.8.2 实验目的 ············································································ 105 3.8.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 105 3.8.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 106 3.8.5 思考题 ················································································ 107 3.9 实验九：IPv6 协议分析 ······························································· 107 3.9.1 IPv6 简介 ············································································ 107 3.9.2 实验目的 ············································································ 109 3.9.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 109 3.9.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 111 3.9.5 思考题 ················································································ 113 第4 章 运输层协议实验 ············································································ 114 4.1 实验一：运输层端口观察实验 ···················································· 114 4.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 114 4.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 115 4.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 115 4.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 116 4.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 118 4.2 实验二：UDP 与TCP 的对比分析 ·············································· 118 4.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 118 4.2.2 实验目的 ············································································ 120 4.2.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 121 4.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 121 4.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 122 4.3 实验三：TCP 的连接管理 ···························································· 123 4.3.1 背景知识 ············································································ 123 4.3.2 实验目的 ············································································ 125 4.3.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 125 4.3.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 125 4.3.5 思考题 ················································································ 127 4.4 实验四：TCP 序号和确认号 ························································ 127 4.4.1 背景知识 ············································································ 127 4.4.2 实验目的 ············································································ 128 4.4.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 128 4.4.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 128 4.4.5 思考题 ················································································ 131 第5 章 应用层协议实验 ············································································ 132 5.1 实验一：DNS 解析实验 ······························································· 132 5.1.1 DNS 协议简介 ··································································· 132 5.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 135 5.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 135 5.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 138 5.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 142 5.2 实验二：DHCP 分析 ···································································· 143 5.2.1 DHCP 简介 ········································································· 143 5.2.2 实验目的 ············································································ 145 5.2.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 146 5.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 148 5.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 150 5.3 实验三：HTTP 分析 ····································································· 151 5.3.1 HTTP 简介 ········································································· 151 5.3.2 实验目的 ············································································ 154 5.3.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 154 5.3.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 155 5.3.5 思考题 ················································································ 157 5.4 实验四：电子邮件协议分析 ························································ 157 5.4.1 电子邮件协议简介 ····························································· 157 5.4.2 实验目的 ············································································ 160 5.4.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 160 5.4.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 162 5.4.5 思考题 ················································································ 165 5.5 实验五：文件传输协议分析 ························································ 165 5.5.1 文件传输协议简介 ····························································· 165 5.5.2 实验目的 ············································································ 168 5.5.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 169 5.5.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 170 5.5.5 思考题 ················································································ 176 第6 章 网络安全实验 ················································································ 177 6.1 实验一：访问控制列表 ································································ 177 6.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 177 6.1.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 178 6.1.3 实验目的 ············································································ 180 6.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 180 6.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 185 6.2 实验二：IPSec VPN ····································································· 185 6.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 185 6.2.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 186 6.2.3 实验目的 ············································································ 187 6.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 188 6.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 191 第7 章 综合实验 ························································································ 192 7.1 实验一：协议综合分析 ································································ 192 7.1.1 背景知识 ············································································ 192 7.1.2 实验目的 ············································································ 193 7.1.3 实验配置说明 ···································································· 193 7.1.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 196 7.1.5 思考题 ················································································ 201 7.2 实验二：三层架构企业网络 ························································ 202 7.2.1 背景知识 ············································································ 202 7.2.2 实验配置说明 ···································································· 204 7.2.3 实验目的 ············································································ 205 7.2.4 实验步骤 ············································································ 206 7.2.5 思考题 ················································································ 211 附录A 实验报告规范 ················································································ 213 附录B 思考题参考答案 ············································································· 216

现任福建师范大学数计学院网络与信息安全教研室主任，硕导，中国计算机学会会员，ACM会员。目前的研究方向：理论研究方面：网络通信、网络安全、信息系统等领域；应用研究方面：系统安全、基于wifi定位系统。主持多项国家级项目，发表多篇文章。

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