本书以军用战术短波和超短波跳频电台为研究对象。重点研究了跳频通信中跟踪干扰检测和识别算法。在此基础上，研究可有效对抗跟踪干扰，同时兼具对抗其他典型干扰能力的原理、方法和技术，保证复杂电磁环境下跳频电台能够正常通信，同时也可为今后跳频电台的研制和运用提供一定的理论参考。本书进一步丰富了扩频通信干扰检测及自适应抗干扰理论体系，具有较高的理论价值和军事应用价值。本书聚焦跳频通信跟踪干扰检测、识别及抗跟踪干扰技术，能够为相关专业的科研人员、工程技术人员以及博士生、硕士生提供参考。

前言 跳频通信技术是目前全球常用的军事通信手段之 。针对跳频通信的有意干扰主要包括跟踪干扰和阻塞干扰。目前， 如何对抗跟踪干扰和阻塞干扰仍然是国内外研究的热点之 。但是， 抗干扰的前提是能够检测并识别出干扰信号， 因此， 先对跳频通信中的干扰类型进行检测， 再有针对性地进行抗干扰研究具有重要的现实意义和军事应用价值。本书重点介绍当前跳频通信干扰检测、抗干扰技术的最新研究成果及发展趋势，具有较强的时效性、先进性。本书内容全面， 围绕跳频通信中的跟踪干扰和阻塞干扰， 给出了比较全面的解决方案。本书全方位地展示了各种新技术和新方法，并强调理论联系实际，具有很强的实用性和可操作性。本书不仅适合从事跳频通信抗干扰相关的技术研究、系统设计、系统开发和应用的科研人员及工程技术人员阅读， 还可供高等院校相关专业师生参考。 本书共分为8章。第1章为概述，主要介绍了本书研究的背杲及意义，总结了跳频通信、扩频通信干扰检测、跳频通信抗干扰技术的现状与发展趋势。第2章介绍了跳频通信的基本原理及其面临的典型干扰， 对跳频通信中的几种典型干扰进行了介绍， 包括阻塞干扰和跟踪干扰的信号模型、产生、作用机理， 以及对跳频通信的性能影响。第3章基千认知无线电能晕检测算法， 给出了单天线情况下， 噪声跟踪干扰和音调跟踪干扰检测算法。针对跳频通信中同步信息被干扰， 无法采用第3章给出的检测算法的情况， 第4章假定跳频信号和相关干扰信号在空域实现了分离， 基千稀疏分解理论， 在跳频同步前实现了跟踪干扰检测。第5章通过提取特征参数， 利用分形盒维数、分数阶傅里叶变换等实现了跳频通信典型阻塞干扰的识别。第6章以指挥控制系统中跳频电台现有配置方式和结构性能为基础， 研究可有效对抗跟踪干扰， 同时兼具对抗其他典型干扰能的原理、方法和技术， 提出了基千隐藏对偶序列的联合跳频系统模型， 给出了基千双信道联合跳频抗干扰技术， 并分析了其抗跟踪干扰和典型阻塞干扰的性能。第7章在双信道联合跳频模型中加入了卷积编码以进 步提高系统的抗干扰性能。 第8章继续对联合跳频模型进行扩展， 将双信道联合跳频模型扩展到多信道环境下， 给出了 种适用千多信道环境的择大软判决接收机模型， 进 步提升了抗干扰性能。 本书从选题构思、书名确立到最终出版的过程中， 都得到了陆军工程大学石家庄校区全厚德教授和胡永江副教授的大力支待；徐升智和黄哲轩助教对本书的文字进行了校对， 对部分图片进行了编辑， 在此表示衷心的感谢。 本书的出版得到了河北省自然科学基金项目(F2017506006)、国防预研基金项目和国防科研项目的资助。 著者 2022 年10 月

第1 章 概述························································································································1 1.1 研究背景及意义·······································································································1 1.2 通信信号侦察识别技术研究现状···················································································2 1.2.1 通信信号的调制识别························································································2 1.2.2 扩频信号的检测与参数估计···············································································3 1.3 扩频通信干扰检测与识别技术现状················································································5 1.3.1 直接序列扩频通信干扰检测与识别技术································································5 1.3.2 跳频通信干扰检测与识别技术············································································5 1.4 跳频通信抗跟踪干扰研究现状·····················································································7 1.4.1 常规跳频模式抗跟踪干扰方法············································································8 1.4.2 新型跳频模式抗跟踪干扰方法············································································8 1.5 本书结构与章节安排······························································································.11 参考文献····················································································································.12 第2 章 跳频通信的基本原理及其面临的典型干扰·····································································.21 2.1 跳频通信的基本原理······························································································.21 2.2 跳频通信面临的典型干扰························································································.22 2.2.1 阻塞干扰····································································································.22 2.2.2 跟踪干扰····································································································.25 2.3 本章小结·············································································································.27 参考文献····················································································································.28 第3 章 单天线下跳频通信跟踪干扰检测方法研究·················································································.29 3.1 引言···················································································································.29 3.2 噪声跟踪干扰检测方法···························································································.30 3.2.1 系统模型····································································································.30 3.2.2 AWGN 信道下的性能分析··············································································.32 3.2.3 瑞利衰落信道下的性能分析············································································.34 3.2.4 Nakagami-m 衰落信道下的性能分析··································································.36 3.2.5 数值计算与结果分析·····················································································.38 3.3 音调跟踪干扰检测方法···························································································.43 3.3.1 系统模型····································································································.43 3.3.2 AWGN 信道下的性能分析··············································································.44 3.3.3 瑞利衰落信道下的性能分析············································································.45 3.3.4 Nakagami-m 衰落信道下的性能分析··································································.48 3.3.5 数值计算与结果分析·····················································································.50 3.4 本章小结·············································································································.55 参考文献····················································································································.56 第4 章 基于稀疏分解的跳频通信跟踪干扰检测技术··································································.58 4.1 引言···················································································································.58 4.2 稀疏分解理论基础·································································································.59 4.2.1 稀疏分解基本数学模型··················································································.59 4.2.2 冗余基构造方法···························································································.59 4.2.3 稀疏分解中常见的求解算法············································································.60 4.3 基于推广的正则化FOCUSS 算法的跳频信号重构··························································.61 4.3.1 系统模型····································································································.61 4.3.2 跳频信号稀疏性分析·····················································································.62 4.3.3 算法原理····································································································.63 4.3.4 仿真结果及讨论···························································································.64 4.4 基于稀疏分解的跟踪干扰特征提取及检测····································································.71 4.4.1 跳频信号时延估计························································································.71 4.4.2 跟踪干扰特征提取及检测的具体步骤································································.73 4.4.3 仿真结果及分析···························································································.74 4.5 本章小结·············································································································.78 参考文献····················································································································.78 第5 章 跳频通信阻塞干扰识别技术·······················································································.81 5.1 引言···················································································································.81 5.2 系统模型·············································································································.81 5.2.1 FH-GMSK 通信系统模型················································································.82 5.2.2 阻塞干扰模型······························································································.82 5.3 阻塞干扰识别特征提取···························································································.84 5.3.1 分形盒维数·································································································.84 5.3.2 分数阶傅里叶变换及其快速算法······································································.85 5.3.3 阻塞干扰认知特征提取··················································································.86 5.4 基于分层决策的阻塞干扰识别方案·············································································.92 5.5 仿真结果及讨论····································································································.93 5.6 本章小结·············································································································.96 参考文献····················································································································.96 第6 章 双信道联合跳频抗干扰技术·······················································································.98 6.1 引言···················································································································.98 6.2 双信道联合跳频····································································································.99 6.2.1 系统模型····································································································.99 6.2.2 抗干扰原理·································································································100 6.2.3 双信道联合跳频在AWGN 信道下的误码率························································101 6.2.4 双信道联合跳频在瑞利衰落信道下的误码率·······················································102 6.3 联合跳频实现方式·································································································102 6.3.1 多电台联合工作···························································································102 6.3.2 多通道跳频电台···························································································103 6.4 双信道联合跳频在AWGN 信道下的抗干扰性能····························································103 6.4.1 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································104 6.4.2 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································105 6.4.3 抗多音干扰性能···························································································106 6.4.4 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································107 6.5 双信道联合跳频在瑞利衰落信道下的抗干扰性能···························································116 6.5.1 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································117 6.5.2 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································118 6.5.3 抗多音干扰性能···························································································118 6.5.4 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································119 6.6 本章小结·············································································································125 参考文献····················································································································125 第7 章 卷积编码双信道联合跳频抗干扰技术···········································································127 7.1 引言···················································································································127 7.2 系统模型·············································································································128 7.2.1 硬判决接收模型···························································································129 7.2.2 线性软判决接收模型·····················································································129 7.2.3 乘积软判决接收模型·····················································································129 7.3 线性软判决卷积编码双信道联合跳频在AWGN 信道下的抗干扰性能·································130 7.3.1 抗噪声性能·································································································130 7.3.2 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································133 7.3.3 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································137 7.3.4 抗多音干扰性能···························································································137 7.3.5 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································142 7.4 卷积编码双信道联合跳频在瑞利衰落信道下的抗干扰性能···············································149 7.4.1 抗衰落性能·································································································150 7.4.2 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································153 7.4.3 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································158 7.4.4 抗多音干扰性能···························································································158 7.4.5 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································163 7.5 本章小结·············································································································170 参考文献····················································································································170 第8 章 卷积编码多信道联合跳频抗干扰技术···········································································173 8.1 引言···················································································································173 8.2 系统模型·············································································································173 8.3 卷积编码多信道联合跳频在AWGN 信道下的抗干扰性能················································175 8.3.1 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································176 8.3.2 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································178 8.3.3 抗多音干扰性能···························································································179 8.3.4 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································180 8.4 卷积编码多信道联合跳频在瑞利衰落信道下的抗干扰性能···············································184 8.4.1 抗跟踪干扰性能···························································································185 8.4.2 抗部分频带噪声干扰性能···············································································186 8.4.3 抗多音干扰性能···························································································186 8.4.4 数值计算结果及仿真结果···············································································188 8.5 本章小结·············································································································191 参考文献····················································································································192 附录A·······························································································································193