本书以金蝶 K/3 V13.1版为平台，以制造企业实际生产和管理业务为情景，将 ERP包含的先进管理思想与企业的业务流程结合起来，让学生将理论知识真正应用于实践之中，以培养学生分析和解决问题的能力，以及实践应用能力，突出了职业能力的培养，较好地实现了 ERP理论与实践的一体化，具有较强的职业教育特色。教材重点讲述了 ERP总体流程体验、账套管理、基础资料设置、生产数据管理、销售管理、物料需求计划、采购管理、生产管理、车间管理等内容。本书可作为高职高专、应用型本科院校、成人高校等信息管理类、工商管理类、企业管理类、计算机类专业的教材，也可作为实施 ERP系统企业技术人员和管理人员的培训教材和自学参考书。

前言 2015年 5月 19日，国务院正式印发了我国实施制造强国战略第一个十年的行动纲领 ——《中国制造 2025》，智能制造将是我国今后一段时期推进两化深度融合的主攻方向。智能制造 的发展以企业的自动化和信息化发展为基础，自动化主要实现生产过程的数字化控制，离不 开各类过程控制类软件的深度应用；信息化主要实现企业研发、制造、销售、服务等环节和 流程的数字化，打通企业内部的数据流，以研发设计类、生产调度类、经营管理类、市场营 销分析类软件的深度应用为特征。因此，涵盖上述软件类别的工业软件是智能制造发展的基 础和核心支撑，可视为智能制造发展的灵魂和风向标。 ERP作为制造企业管理信息化的核心软件，正逐步与车间制造执行系统 MES、高级生产 排程 APS和电子商务等系统实现集成与数据共享，其在企业中的应用日益深入和普及，随之 而来的是 ERP人才的需求越来越大。对 ERP人才的需求主要有三个层次：一是 ERP应用人 才，需熟悉 ERP的基本原理，能够熟练操作和维护 ERP相关工具；二是 ERP软件技术服务 人员，需精通数据库技术与 ERP软件；三是 ERP实施顾问人才，能熟练运用项目实施方法论， 有效处理项目实施过程中出现的种种问题，三个层次的人才呈现金字塔形结构。对 ERP不同 层次人才的需求和能力要求，决定了 ERP课程的教学在注重理论、原理的同时，更应关注 ERP 的应用与实践。 当前有关 ERP方面的教材，可分为供应链管理、生产管理和财务管理三大模块，但主要 以系统应用为主，适合于经管类专业 ERP相关课程的教学，缺乏系统初始化设置、系统运维、 二次开发等方面的深入应用，不利于 ERP高层次人才的培养。为此，课程组根据近几年的 ERP 教学实践和项目实施经验，设计开发了《 ERP应用与实践项目化教程》《 ERP财务与业务一体 化核算》《 ERP项目管理与实施》《电子商务 ERP》等 ERP系列教材。 本书以金蝶 K/3 V13.1版为实验平台，分为 ERP总体流程体验、分模块操作和综合实训 三大部分，共 13章内容，涵盖了系统管理、销售管理、采购管理、 MRP计划、生产数据管 理、生产任务管理、车间作业管理、仓存管理等核心内容。第 1章简要介绍 ERP的发展历程、 管理思想、主要功能和软件市场概况；第 2章通过实际业务案例介绍 ERP的总体业务流程； 第 3章介绍本书使用的模拟案例有关背景和基础资料数据；第 4章主要介绍账套管理、用户 管理、用户权限管理等内容；第 5章介绍公共基础资料设置、系统参数设置及系统初始化等 内容；第 6章介绍生产数据管理的内容，着重介绍工艺路线和物料清单及特性配置；第 7章介绍销售管理系统的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 8章介绍物料需求计划制订的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 9章介绍采购管理系统的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 10章介绍生产任务管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 11章介绍车间作业管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 12章简要介绍仓存管理的日常业务流程及系统参数设置；第 13章给出了综合实训所需的基础数据及业务模拟场景。全书共有三套模拟案例，其中第 2章以宁波卓越笔业有限公司为业务场景，第 3章至第 12章以宁波爱运动自行车有限公司自行车生产为业务背景，第 13章综合实训以宁波远景电器有限公司电动牙刷生产为业务背景。 本书的编写结合了作者多年的制造企业 ERP实施经验，也借鉴了一些企业管理和信息化建设的相关资料和文献，非常适合高等院校信息管理、计算机、企业管理等相关专业作为教学用书，对于学生了解企业的管理与实际业务，以及如何与信息系统结合非常有帮助。当然，对于企业信息化主管及业务人员也是一本不错的参考书和培训教材。 本书由浙江纺织服装职业技术学院应玉龙、陈丹儿副教授主编。第 1～3章由应玉龙编写，第 4～6章由陈丹儿编写，第 7、8章由王雪敏编写，第 9、10章由贾祥素编写，第 11、12章由金波编写，第 13章由肖红根编写。全书最后由应玉龙修订和统稿。在本书编写过程中，得到了兄弟院校专业教师及制造企业 CIO的指导，一起探讨了 ERP课程的内容设置与项目化情景设置，在此深表感谢。 由于编者的经验和水平有限，书中仍然会有疏漏和不当之处，敬请读者批评指正，也欢迎读者来信交流 ERP人才培养与 ERP课程教学的经验。Email邮箱是：627516719@qq.com。 为方便教学，本书配备对应金蝶 K/3 V13.1版的账套文件和实验操作视频，如有需要，可登录华信教育资源网（http://www.hxedu.com.cn）免费下载。 编者 2018年 3月于宁波

目录 第1章初识ERP ··························································································· -1 - 1.1 企业管理的困惑 ················································································· -1 - 1.2 ERP发展历程 ···················································································· -2 - 1.2.1 订货点法·················································································· -2 - 1.2.2 基本 MRP ················································································ -4 - 1.2.3 闭环 MRP ················································································ -5 - 1.2.4 制造资源计划 MRP II··································································-6 - 1.2.5 企业资源计划 ERP ····································································· -8 - 1.3 ERP管理思想 ·················································································· -10 - 1.3.1 ERP的管理思想 ······································································ -10 - 1.3.2 ERP与先进生产管理理念 ·························································· -13 - 1.3.3 ERP与业务流程重组 ································································ -15 - 1.4 ERP系统主要功能模块 ······································································ -18 - 1.4.1 财务管理················································································ -19 - 1.4.2 生产管理与控制······································································· -19 - 1.4.3 供应链管理············································································· -20 - 1.5 ERP软件市场概况 ············································································ -21 - 1.5.1 ERP软件市场现状 ··································································· -21 - 1.5.2 常见 ERP产品介绍··································································· -22 - 1.5.3 ERP应用现状 ········································································· -24 - 1.5.4 ERP未来发展趋势 ··································································· -26 - 复习思考题 ···························································································· -27 - 第 2章ERP总体流程体验 ············································································ -28 - 2.1 金蝶 ERP系统简介 ··········································································· -28 - 2.1.1 金蝶 ERP系统功能··································································· -28 - 2.1.2 金蝶 ERP数据流程··································································· -30 - 2.2 虚拟企业基本资料 ············································································ -32 - 2.2.1 基础数据················································································ -32 - 2.2.2 产品 BOM ·············································································· -35 - 2.3 引入账套 ························································································ -35 - 2.4 销售订单管理 ·················································································· -39 - 2.5 MRP物料需求计划 ··········································································· -43 - 2.6 采购与外购入库 ··············································································· -50 - 2.7 生产任务管理 ·················································································· -55 - 2.8 销售出库 ························································································ -60 - 复习思考题 ···························································································· -63 - 第 3章模拟企业实例资料 ············································································· -64 - 3.1 公司概况 ························································································ -64 - 3.2 基础资料 ························································································ -65 - 3.3 初始数据 ························································································ -68 - 第 4章账套管理 ························································································· -71 - 4.1 账套管理操作 ·················································································· -71 - 4.1.1 新建账套················································································ -71 - 4.1.2 属性设置和启用账套································································· -73 - 4.1.3 账套备份················································································ -75 - 4.1.4 账套恢复················································································ -77 - 4.2 用户管理 ························································································ -78 - 复习思考题 ···························································································· -82 - 第 5章基础资料设置 ··················································································· -83 - 5.1 币别······························································································· -83 - 5.2 科目设置 ························································································ -84 - 5.3 凭证字···························································································· -91 - 5.4 计量单位 ························································································ -92 - 5.5 核算项目管理 ·················································································· -94 - 5.5.1 部门······················································································ -94 - 5.5.2 职员······················································································ -96 - 5.5.3 客户······················································································ -98 - 5.5.4 供应商·················································································· -100 - 5.5.5 仓库····················································································· -102 - 5.5.6 物料····················································································· -104 - 5.6 BOS数据交换平台 ··········································································· -110 - 5.7 供应链系统初始化 ··········································································· -114 - 5.7.1 核算参数设置········································································· -114 - 5.7.2 初始数据录入········································································· -117 - 5.7.3 启动业务系统········································································· -122 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -123 - 第 6章生产数据管理 ·················································································· -124 - 6.1 工厂日历 ······················································································· -124 - 6.2 BOM新增 ······················································································ -125 - 6.3 BOM维护 ······················································································ -134 - 6.3.1 BOM合法性检查 ···································································· -134 - 6.3.2 BOM低位码维护 ···································································· -135 - 6.3.3 BOM成批修改、成批新增、成批删除·········································-135 - 6.3.4 工程变更··············································································· -135 - 6.3.5 客户 BOM ············································································· -139 - 6.4 BOM查询 ······················································································ -141 - 6.4.1 BOM单级展开 ······································································· -141 - 6.4.2 BOM多级展开 ······································································· -142 - 6.4.3 BOM综合展开 ······································································· -142 - 6.4.4 BOM单级反查 ······································································· -143 - 6.4.5 BOM多级反查 ······································································· -144 - 6.4.6 成本 BOM查询 ······································································ -144 - 6.4.7 BOM差异分析 ······································································· -146 - 6.4.8 BOM树形查看 ······································································· -147 - 6.4.9 BOM预期呆滞料分析表 ··························································· -147 - 6.5 工艺路线设置 ················································································· -148 - 6.5.1 工序资料··············································································· -148 - 6.5.2 工作中心··············································································· -149 - 6.5.3 资源清单··············································································· -151 - 6.5.4 工艺路线··············································································· -152 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -155 - 第 7章销售管理 ························································································ -156 - 7.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -156 - 7.1.1 销售管理业务流程··································································· -156 - 7.1.2 与其他子系统的关系································································ -157 - 7.1.3 销售业务模式········································································· -157 - 7.2 销售管理系统设置 ··········································································· -158 - 7.2.1 收款条件设置········································································· -158 - 7.2.2 价格政策维护········································································· -161 - 7.2.3 单据自定义············································································ -166 - 7.2.4 套打格式设置········································································· -171 - 7.2.5 审核流管理············································································ -174 - 7.2.6 权限管理··············································································· -178 - 7.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -183 - 7.3.1 销售报价单············································································ -183 - 7.3.2 销售订单··············································································· -186 - 7.3.3 客户价格管理········································································· -190 - 7.3.4 订单变更··············································································· -192 - 7.3.5 客户信用管理········································································· -196 - 7.3.6 发货通知单············································································ -201 - 7.3.7 销售出库单············································································ -203 - 7.3.8 销售退货单············································································ -203 - 7.3.9 财务结算··············································································· -207 - 7.4 报表统计分析 ················································································· -209 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -211 - 第 8章物料需求计划 ·················································································· -212 - 8.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -212 - 8.1.1 物料需求计划制订过程 ···························································· -212 - 8.1.2 物料需求计划运行流程 ···························································· -213 - 8.1.3 与其他子系统的关系································································ -214 - 8.2 系统参数设置 ················································································· -214 - 8.2.1 计划展望期维护······································································ -214 - 8.2.2 MRP计划方案维护 ································································· -215 - 8.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -222 - 8.3.1 产品预测··············································································· -222 - 8.3.2 MRP计算·············································································· -223 - 8.3.3 MRP维护及投放 ···································································· -228 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -238 - 第 9章采购管理 ························································································ -239 - 9.1 系统概述 ······················································································· -239 - 9.1.1 采购管理业务流程··································································· -239 - 9.1.2 与其他子系统的关系································································ -240 - 9.1.3 采购业务模式········································································· -241 - 9.2 采购管理系统设置 ··········································································· -241 - 9.2.1 付款条件设置········································································· -241 - 9.2.2 采购价格管理········································································· -242 - 9.2.3 单据自定义············································································ -249 - 9.3 日常业务处理 ················································································· -252 - 9.3.1 采购申请··············································································· -252 - 9.3.2 采购订单··············································································· -254 - 9.3.3 订单变更··············································································· -258 - 9.3.4 收料通知/请检单····································································· -259 - 9.3.5 外购入库单············································································ -262 - 9.3.6 退料通知单············································································ -266 - 9.3.7 财务结算··············································································· -272 - 9.4 采购报表查询分析 ··········································································· -277 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -278 - 第 10章生产任务管理················································································· -280 - 10.1 系统概述 ······················································································ -280 - 10.1.1 生产管理业务流程································································ -280 - 10.1.2 与其他子系统的关系 ···························································· -280 - 10.2 生产管理系统设置 ·········································································· -281 - 10.3 日常业务处理 ················································································ -283 - 10.3.1 手工生产任务单··································································· -283 - 10.3.2 返工生产任务······································································ -284 - 10.3.3 生产任务分割······································································ -286 - 10.3.4 任务单查询········································································· -288 - 10.3.5 任务单下达与反下达 ···························································· -291 - 10.3.6 模拟发料············································································ -295 - 10.3.7 生产领料············································································ -296 - 10.3.8 生产物料报废······································································ -301 - 10.3.9 产品入库············································································ -303 - 10.4 生产报表查询分析 ·········································································· -307 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -308 - 第 11章车间作业管理················································································· -309 - 11.1系统概述 ······················································································ -309 - 11.2日常业务处理 ················································································ -310 - 11.2.1 工序流转卡查看及打印·························································· -310 - 11.2.2 工序流转卡排程··································································· -311 - 11.2.3 工序流转卡汇报··································································· -312 - 11.2.4 委外工序转出单··································································· -316 - 11.2.5 委外工序接收单··································································· -317 - 11.2.6 其他工序业务处理································································ -319 - 11.3车间作业报表查询分析 ···································································· -320 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -323 -第 12章仓存管理······················································································· -325 - 12.1 系统概述 ······················································································ -325 - 12.1.1 仓存管理业务流程································································ -325 - 12.1.2 与其他子系统的关系 ···························································· -326 - 12.2 日常业务处理 ················································································ -327 - 12.2.1 外购入库············································································ -327 - 12.2.2 半成品入库········································································· -328 - 12.2.3 生产领料············································································ -330 - 12.2.4 产成品入库········································································· -334 - 12.2.5 销售出库············································································ -336 - 12.2.6 仓库调拨············································································ -341 - 12.2.7 盘点作业············································································ -342 - 12.3 仓存报表分析 ················································································ -347 - 复习思考题 ··························································································· -348 - 第 13章综合实训······················································································· -349 - 13.1 案例背景 ······················································································ -349 - 13.1.1 企业经营模式······································································ -349 - 13.1.2 信息化特点········································································· -350 - 13.2 基础资料 ······················································································ -350 - 13.2.1 部门·················································································· -350 - 13.2.2 职员·················································································· -351 - 13.2.3 客户·················································································· -351 - 13.2.4 供应商··············································································· -352 - 13.2.5 币别·················································································· -352 - 13.2.6 科目·················································································· -352 - 13.2.7 仓库、仓位········································································· -353 - 13.2.8 物料·················································································· -354 - 13.2.9 BOM信息 ·········································································· -354 - 13.3 建立账套 ······················································································ -358 - 13.3.1 新建公司机构及账套 ···························································· -358 - 13.3.2 设置账套参数······································································ -358 - 13.4 基础资料导入 ················································································ -358 - 13.5 初始数据 ······················································································ -360 - 13.5.1 期初库存············································································ -360 - 13.5.2 期初暂估外购入库单 ···························································· -361 - 13.5.3 期初未核销的委外加工出库单 ················································ -361 - 13.5.4 期初暂估委外加工入库单 ······················································ -362 - 13.5.5结束初始化········································································· -362 - 13.6 日常业务处理 ················································································ -362 - 13.6.1 销售管理············································································ -362 - 13.6.2 产品预测············································································ -364 - 13.6.3 计划管理············································································ -364 - 13.6.4 采购管理············································································ -365 - 13.6.5 委外管理············································································ -366 - 13.6.6 生产任务管理······································································ -366 - 13.6.7 期末处理············································································ -367 - 参考文献 ···································································································· -368 -

应玉龙，男，副高职称，长期致力于ERP教学。

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