本书是世界互联网大会蓝皮书系列的重要组成部分，全面反映了中国互联网发展成就、发展现状和发展趋势，系统地总结了中国互联网发展的主要经验，深度分析了中国在网络基础设施、信息技术、数字经济、电子政务、网络安全、网络空间国际治理等方面的战略规划、政策举措、发展成效、发展水平和未来趋势；开创性地构建了以六大核心要素为基础的中国互联网发展指标体系，对全国各省域互联网发展情况进行综合评价和排名，对准确地把握我国互联网发展水平具有重要意义。 本书汇聚了国内外互联网领域最新研究成果，使用最新案例和权威数据，内容丰富、重点突出，对政府管理部门、互联网企业、科研机构、高校等互联网领域从业人员全面了解和掌握世界互联网发展情况具有重要参考价值。

前 言 当前，以信息技术为代表的新一轮科技和产业革命正在兴起，为经济社会发展注入了强劲动力。中国互联网把握历史机遇，应势而动，顺势而为，进入发展快车道，经过23 年波澜壮阔的发展，已成为举世瞩目的网络大国，探索出了一条具有中国特色的互联网发展治理之路，为世界互联网发展做出 了中国贡献，创造了中国经验。 在这一大背景下，我们启动了《中国互联网发展报告2017》（以下简称《报告》）的编撰工作，力求详尽深入地对中国互联网发展进行研究和分析，总结历史、剖析现状、引领未来，使报告成为了解中国互联网历史、读懂中国互联网现状、把握中国互联网趋势的最好读本。为此，《报告》做了三方 面的努力。 1．始终把习近平总书记网络强国战略思想作为报告编写的理论基础和根本遵循 党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高瞻远瞩、把握大势，紧密结合我国互联网发展治理实践，提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，系统阐述事关网络安全和信息化发展的重大理论和实践问题，形成内涵丰富、博大精深、科学系统的网络强国战略思想，成为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组 成部分。特别是党的十九大提出要建设网络强国、数字中国、智慧社会，推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，发展数字经济、共享经济，培育新增长点、形成新动能，为新时代网信事业发展指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。我们将总书记网络强国战略思想作为报告的灵魂和主线贯 穿通篇，深入宣传阐释总书记治网理念、思想和主张，以帮助广大读者全面领会、准确把握总书记网络强国战略思想的丰富内容和精神实质。 2．始终把中国互联网发展的生动实践作为报告编写的研究基础和现实依据 在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是网络强国战略思想指引下，中国互联网发展治理取得重大成就，网络空间日渐清朗，国家网络安全屏障进一步巩固，信息化驱动引领经济社会发展作用凸显，网络空间国际话语权和影响力明显提升，人民群众在共享互联网发展成果上有了更多获得感。这些生动实践为报告编写工作提供了广阔的空间和丰富的资源。《报告》在重点阐述2017 年我国互联网发展现状，突出新实践、新成就的同时，对中国接入互联网23 年来特别是党的十八大以来我国互联网发展情况进行了全面回顾，是对互联网治理中国经验的系统展现。 3．始终把全面、准确、客观作为报告编写的学术目标和工作准则 在报告编写过程中，我们始终坚持突出国际性、权威性、精准性，强化思想性、理论性、概括性，体现出中国学界对互联网发展态势的一种认识和思考。我们坚持内容的全面性，对我国网络基础设施、信息技术、数字经济、电子政务、网络安全、网络空间国际治理等方面进行全领域、全景式研究；坚持数据的准确性，综合权威性、时效性等因素，择优采集官方、行业、研究机构三大类数据来源；坚持评价的客观性，在借鉴国内外成熟指标体系的基础上，设立并发布中国互联网发展指数指标体系，从六大维度对全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的网络安全和信息化工作进行综合评估，以全面准确反映全国及各地互联网发展水平。 我们期待，《报告》的编写和出版将为中国互联网发展提供新动力，为世界了解中国互联网提供新窗口，为世界推动互联网发展提供新选择。这也是《报告》编撰工作的初衷和使命！ 中国网络空间研究院 2017 年12 月

目 录 总论 ····························································································· 1 一、中国互联网发展成就·························································· 2 二、全国各省区市互联网发展状况评估 ········································ 8 三、中国互联网发展的主要经验 ················································ 14 四、未来发展趋势与政策建议 ··················································· 17 附录：英文版总论 ································································· 21 第1 章 网络基础设施全面提升 ······················································ 53 1.1 互联网基础设施成为国家战略性公用基础设施 ······················· 53 1.1.1 骨干网络持续优化演进 ············································· 53 1.1.2 宽带网络实现全国覆盖 ············································· 56 1.1.3 应用基础设施有力推动互联网业务发展 ························ 63 1.2 互联网基础资源保有量大幅增长 ········································· 65 1.2.1 IP 拥有量上升至世界第二位 ······································ 65 1.2.2 域名注册数量达千万量级 ·········································· 66 1.2.3 解析服务不断升级支撑网站服务 ································· 69 第2 章 信息技术取得重大突破 ······················································ 71 2.1 通信技术发展与世界同步 ·················································· 71 2.2 集成电路技术实现多环节协同突破 ······································ 76 2.3 大规模计算技术快速追赶全球高水平 ··································· 78 2.4 人工智能技术加速催生新的增长点 ······································ 81 2.5 新兴前沿技术拓展互联网应用场景 ······································ 82 第3 章 数字经济成为经济增长新引擎 ·········································· 84 3.1 网络终端设备制造加快升级 ··············································· 84 3.1.1 中国智能手机逐鹿全球市场 ······································· 84 3.1.2 新型智能终端蓬勃发展 ············································· 86 3.1.3 网络设备可信体系逐步建立 ······································· 89 3.2 互联网信息服务产业化进程加速 ········································· 93 3.2.1 网络内容产业繁荣发展 ············································· 94 3.2.2 搜索引擎市场持续扩大 ············································· 99 3.3 电子商务发展势头强劲 ··················································· 102 3.3.1 B2C 与移动端成为网络零售趋势 ······························· 103 3.3.2 垂直电商平台发展加速 ··········································· 108 3.3.3 跨境电商蓬勃兴起 ················································· 109 3.3.4 农村与县域电商蒸蒸日上 ········································ 110 3.4 互联网金融发展与规范并重 ············································· 113 3.4.1 在线支付服务体系不断完善 ····································· 114 3.4.2 金融服务网络化快速推广 ········································ 117 3.4.3 网络借贷与众筹发展不断规范 ·································· 118 3.5 共享经济成为新的增长点 ················································ 121 3.5.1 市场规模爆发式增长 ·············································· 121 3.5.2 有效促进“双创”发展 ··········································· 122 3.5.3 创造大量就业机会 ················································· 124 3.6 “互联网+”改造提升传统行业 ········································ 125 3.6.1 “互联网+服务”激活双创生命力 ····························· 125 3.6.2 “互联网+制造”提升柔性生产力 ····························· 127 3.6.3 “互联网+农业”助推焕发新活力 ····························· 128 第4 章 电子政务打造透明高效服务型政府 ·································· 130 4.1 电子政务支撑保障体系不断健全 ······································· 130 4.1.1 电子政务网络架构基本建成 ····································· 130 4.1.2 电子政务治理体系和制度规范日益完善 ······················ 132 4.2 电子政务服务日益丰富完善 ············································· 133 4.2.1 政府网站的公共服务作用愈发突出 ···························· 133 4.2.2 政务新媒体推动社情民意沟通渠道便捷多样 ················ 135 4.3 信息资源共享推动政务服务现代化 ···································· 137 4.3.1 信息公开与数据开放推动建设透明高效政府 ················ 137 4.3.2 新兴信息技术提升政务服务效率 ······························· 140 第5 章 网络空间天朗气清 ························································ 142 5.1 网络舆论生态积极健康向上 ············································· 142 5.1.1 网络媒体成为重要信息传播渠道 ······························· 142 5.1.2 网络媒体演进创新推动行业繁荣 ······························· 145 5.1.3 互联网社交在网民生活中日益普遍 ···························· 147 5.2 互联网法治体系建设日益完善 ·········································· 150 5.2.1 立法进程明显提速················································· 151 5.2.2 政策规范相继出台················································· 152 5.2.3 网络执法规范化、常态化 ········································ 154 5.2.4 互联网司法创新推进 ·············································· 156 5.3 互联网多元治理生态完整构建 ·········································· 157 5.3.1 企业主体作用有效发挥 ··········································· 158 5.3.2 网络社会组织发挥积极作用 ····································· 159 5.3.3 网民网络素养持续提升 ··········································· 160 第6 章 网络安全保障能力显著提升 ··········································· 162 6.1 网络安全总体态势严峻 ··················································· 162 6.1.1 各领域网络安全风险凸显 ········································ 162 6.1.2 网络攻击手段层出不穷 ··········································· 169 6.2 网络安全体制（机制）加快建设和完善 ······························ 172 6.2.1 网络安全战略规划引领 ··········································· 172 6.2.2 网络安全法律法规体系不断健全 ······························· 173 6.2.3 网络安全工作机制逐渐完善 ····································· 174 6.2.4 网络安全保障服务机构支撑有力 ······························· 176 6.3 网络安全产业与技术加速突破 ·········································· 177 6.3.1 网络安全技术取得突破 ··········································· 178 6.3.2 网络安全产业快速发展 ··········································· 179 6.3.3 网络安全标准化建设加快 ········································ 185 6.3.4 网络安全人才培养体系逐步健全 ······························· 189 6.4 网络安全防护能力与意识显著提高 ···································· 193 6.4.1 关键信息基础设施防护能力持续增强 ························· 193 6.4.2 网络安全意识明显提升 ··········································· 195 第7 章 积极参与网络空间国际治理 ··········································· 196 7.1 网络空间国际治理中国主张赢得广泛认同 ··························· 196 7.1.1 网络空间国际治理中国理念日益丰富 ························· 196 7.1.2 网络空间国际合作战略性文件发布 ···························· 198 7.2 搭建互联网治理国际平台 ················································ 199 7.2.1 创办世界互联网大会 ·············································· 199 7.2.2 积极构建国际合作双边多边对话体系 ························· 200 7.3 加强与国际机构的交流合作 ············································· 202 7.3.1 高度重视与国际机构开展合作 ·································· 202 7.3.2 积极参与互联网国际组织工作 ·································· 203 第8 章 互联网发展造福人民 ····················································· 205 8.1 互联网普及促进网民均衡发展 ·········································· 205 8.1.1 网民规模快速增长 ················································· 205 8.1.2 互联网加速普及···················································· 208 8.1.3 信息无障碍建设取得阶段性进展 ······························· 210 8.2 互联网应用推进普惠民生 ················································ 211 8.2.1 互联网医疗推动健康服务高效化 ······························· 211 8.2.2 互联网教育助力教育资源均等化 ······························· 213 8.2.3 互联网公益带动传统公益创新发展 ···························· 215 第9 章 中国互联网未来展望 ····················································· 218 9.1 更坚实的网络基础设施 ··················································· 218 9.2 更先进的网络信息技术 ··················································· 219 9.3 更繁荣的数字经济 ························································· 219 9.4 更清朗的网络空间 ························································· 220 9.5 更可靠的网络安全 ························································· 221 9.6 更公正的国际治理 ························································· 222 附录：中国互联网发展大事记 ····················································· 223 后记 ······················································································· 238

中国网络空间研究院是中央网络安全和信息化领导小组办公室（国家互联网信息办公室）直属事业单位，旨在打造国内顶尖、世界知名的网络空间领域新型高端科研机构，为国家在网络安全和信息化领域的重大战略规划、政策决策、工程建设、技术创新等提供思想理论、科学研究、人才智力、技术保障等方面支撑。研究院下设多个研究机构，研究领域包括网络内容建设、网络安全、信息化、网络空间国际治理等。