
本书主要内容包含当前国际贸易概况,国际贸易的程序,合同的标的(包括商品名称、商品质量、商品的数量、商品的包装等),国际贸易术语,国际支付(包括国际支付的各种方式、工具、信用证等),国际货物运输(包括铁路、公路、水运、航空、邮政、管道等),商品的检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁,商业合同的签订和执行,国际协议和机构,关税和非关税壁垒以及国际贸易中的新发展——电子商务等。结合自己教学中出现的情况做部分修订。
PREFACE
The real cost of reading a book is the time spent on it.
With the development of global integration, international trade has been undertaking a significant role in integrating the world economy. Though there are a lot of books on practice of international trade currently, few English books were written and geared to the trend of bilingual teaching.
This book focuses on the main procedures of foreign trade, illustrating systematically every topiccentered chapter by giving the most important and practical knowledge and vivid examples. On the basis of the current foreign trade situation in China, the book covers 10 chapters, including brief introduction of international trade, theoretical background, Ecommerce business, business contract, terms of trade, description of goods, international payment, letter of credit, cargo transportation, insurance, inspection, claim, Force Majeure and arbitration, the importing and exporting procedure, international organizations and protectionism etc. The main task in each chapter is to introduce the commonly used and customized international and conventional practice home and abroad, and list clearly and logically different aspects of the topic.
Just as the traditional course of Western Economics covering two scopes: microeconomics and macroeconomics, this book also covers two scopes: microlevel and macrolevel. Contents in Chapters 1,2,9,10 are macro, while those in Chapters 3,4,5,6,7,8 are micro. In fact, in international trade, having the only knowledge on how to conduct trade is far from necessary. Especially for students of English major, they even could not continue their study if they could not have a knowledge of some profound economic theory. Because of this, in the first chapter, there are forms of international trade, modes of international trade, and new development of international trade—Ecommerce business, which can be seen as the warmup components in practice of international trade to provide fundamental basis for the whole course.
Features of the book are as follows:
1. Vivid diagrams and tables
There are quite a lot of diagrams and tables which help to enhance the understanding of both the theory and practice. They are proven to be concise, efficient and timesaving in studying.
2. Diversified and practiceoriented exercise
One of the characteristics and advantages of this book which distinguishes the book from others is that it designed and developed very colorful and contentrelated exercises to consolidate and clarify the knowledge points in a very useful way. A great diversity of colorful exercises including questions, multiple choice, true or false exercise, and case study are ready there waiting for you to solve.
3. Words and phrases with phonetic symbols
During years of classroom instruction, the author finds that it is comparatively easy to master the content than to communicate them fluently and correctly. The obstacles include wrong sentence patterns and awkward and wrong stresses in words. The phonetic symbols can partly help to solve the problems.
4. Combination of language study and speciality
Thats the very purpose of the book. Many learners who have a great deal of knowledge find that they could not converse what they know in English, while people who have a good command of English know little about the knowledge of international trade. A combination of language and speciality could offer learners both universally accepted language and specialty.
5. Sample of final test
The set of test offers a sample for teachers to consult in finals. It is really convenient and userfriendly.
Though many students are overloaded with a lot of information about the social world around us, when referring to a certain subject, they are more or less uncertain about our economic society from the perspective of international trade. For example, I find some students dont know how an economy of a country performs and what contribute to the development of a whole nation. In a broad sense, my advice here is that the students should know something about theories of international trade and theories of western economics, especially macroeconomics, as background knowledge before studying the subject. In a word, international trade, or foreign trade from the perspective of one particular country, is a contributor to the development of our world.
Luckily, we have easy access to a lot of Chinese and international websites and magazines about the international trade. Readers can find more information from the latest versions of journals such as International Trade, Journal of International Trade, Finance and Trade Economics, Intertrade and from some websites like http://www.iccwbo.org/ (International Chamber of Commerce), https://www.wto.org/ (World Trade Organization), http://www.cisgac.com/ (CISG Advisory Council), http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx(United Nation Conference on Trade and Development), http://www.itrade.org.cn/(Journal of International Trade), and http://www.ccoic.cn/ (China Chamber of International Commerce), etc. Everybody could definitely benefit a lot from all these resources.
Here, I want to express my sincere appreciation to my editor, Ms. Liang, who devoted her time to the review of the third edition. Many thanks go to my family who helped and encouraged me a lot in freeing me and sparing me from a lot of housework. All the mistakes and errors are from the author and your advice is welcome to xieguimei@bwu.edu.cn.
衡量读书的成本是时间。
随着中国越来越多地参与世界经济,国际贸易作为一门普及型科目的时代已经来临。经济一体化的过程中,个人正享受着一体化所带来的种种便利。无论是出口还是进口,中国都在世界经济舞台中发挥着越来越积极、越来越重要的角色。英语作为全球通用语,在国际贸易中发挥着文化软实力的重要作用。新时代科技和经济的发展要求我们立足国内,面向世界,以全球视角用国际语言参与世界经济和贸易的每一个环节。
《国际贸易实务》(英文版)结合了当前的外贸形势,呈现了从中国角度出发的贸易的实务方面。随着学术英语和双语教学的开展,笔者发现很难找到一本适合的英语教材,现存的双语教材既不能从知识的宽度上给学生以整体的把握,比如涵盖的知识点较少,又不能从内容的深度上让学习者具备基本的国际贸易业务知识。另外,在练习的设计上,几乎没有一本英语教材有丰富多样的课后练习,不利于知识的检测、巩固和强化。大多数教材即使有练习,也仅局限于回答问题和案例分析等一些传统题目。因此,本书除部分传统习题形式外,还增加了判断题和选择题,重点考查学习者对文中内容的掌握程度。
因此,本书有自己鲜明的特色:
1. 形式多样的练习和丰富的案例。
第三版增加和删减了部分练习,与课本内容更加密切。这一直是本书区别于其他教材的一大特色,既方便学习者自测,又方便教师授课。
2. 直观形象的图表。
一图胜千言。作者设计了简洁、形象的图表,用于表达国际贸易的内容,如贸易术语图表、保险图表,既形象生动,又通俗易懂。
3. 标识专业术语和音标。
各个章节的专业术语部分非常有助于读者从词汇入手,了解各章内容。从授课经验来看,部分读者对术语的发音不准确,给交流造成了较多障碍,因此,本书特别给所有单词标注了音标,并对部分术语进行解释和链接。
4. 强调专业和语言特色。
书中的知识点克服了英文教材的缺点: 既没有牺牲知识的深度和广度,又方便学习者全面理解基本的国际贸易实务内容。
5. 以合同内容为顺序排列章节。
大致以外贸合同中的内容安排章节,自然合理,包括合同的标的物,术语,国际支付等。同时微观和宏观相互印证,使读者对实务有深刻的理解,见图示: 各章安排概览。
6. 提供期末考试样卷和参考答案。
为期末考试提供样卷,既方便教师出题,又方便学生备考,同时为考研的学生提供检测助手。
本书的内容包含国际贸易概念和分类,新增了最近发展迅速的电子商务内容。沿着商业合同的签订和执行路线,包含合同的标的(包括商品名称、商品质量、商品数量、商品包装等),国际贸易术语,国际支付(包括国际支付的各种方式、工具、信用证等),国际货物运输(包括铁路、公路、水运、航空、邮政、管道等),商品的检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁,国际贸易的程序,国际协议和机构,关税和非关税壁垒等内容。
书中通过翔实的举例、形象的图表对各个知识点进行介绍。部分内容参考了国内外部分书籍(见参考文献)和网站: www.iccwbo.org/(国际商会),www.unctad.org/(联合国贸易和发展会议组织),www.wto.org/(世界贸易组织),www.mofcom.gov.cn/(中华人民共和国商务部),www.cietac.org/(中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会),www.cosco.com/(中远航运集团),www.zodiacmaritime.com/(英国Zodiac航运集团)等。
各章安排概览
本书可作为国际经济与贸易专业的双语指定教材,也可将其作为英语专业(国际商务方向)或商务英语专业的教材或参考教材。因国际贸易学知识体系庞杂,如果学习者先修国际贸易理论会更有利于吸收本教材内容。本书适用于各高等院校的专科生、本科生,适用于有志于从事国际贸易实际业务的各类外贸人员,适用于科研机构和高等院校经贸、商务英语专业的双语教学和学术英语教学。同时,由于本书包含丰富的语言知识、专业知识,也适合国际经贸专业和商务英语专业的研究生阅读。
本书的编写过程中,感谢家人和朋友给予了极大的精神支持。另外,出版社编辑梁云慈老师积极审稿,使本书得以顺利再版,在此一并感谢。
期望本书能为读者带来全面深入的知识和愉快的阅读体验。书中内容如有疏漏之处,恳请各位读者斧正。
谢桂梅
北京物资学院
2019年8月
承蒙读者厚爱,本书得以再版。第三版在目录、图表、练习、案例、语言表达、章节顺序、内容等方面作了认真而全面的修订和更新。此外,随着世界经济的发展,国际贸易有了新发展,我们对国际贸易的地位和作用有了更加理性和成熟的认识。教学过程中,作者不断审阅、打磨书中内容,使之更贴近读者,更方便阅读,让改版具有了文字和内容基础。虽然是再版,但笔者仍感学力才识不足,疏漏之处在所难免,恳请各位同行专家批评指正。
Chapter 1A Brief Introduction to International Trade国际贸易简介
1.1What is International Trade什么是国际贸易
1.2Theories of International Trade国际贸易理论
1.2.1Free Trade Theories自由贸易理论
1.2.2Theories of Protectionism保护贸易理论
1.3Classifications of International Trade国际贸易的分类
1.3.1Import Trade, Export Trade, and Transit Trade
进口贸易、出口贸易和过境贸易
1.3.2Visible Trade and Invisible Trade有形贸易和
无形贸易
1.3.3Freeliquidation Trade and Barter自由结汇贸易
和易货贸易
1.3.4Direct Trade, Indirect Trade and Extrepot Trade
直接贸易、间接贸易和转口贸易
1.3.5Bilateral Trade, Multilateral Trade and Triangular
Trade双边贸易、多边贸易和三角贸易
1.3.6Goods Trade, Service Trade, Processing Trade
and General Trade商品贸易、服务贸易、加工贸易
和一般贸易
1.3.7Roadway, Seaway, Airway and Mail Order陆上贸易、海上
贸易、航空贸易和邮政贸易
1.4Different Modes of International Trade国际贸易的方式
1.4.1Ordinary Trade普通贸易
1.4.2Distribution and Agency经销和代理
1.4.3Consignment and Fairs & Sales寄售和展卖
1.4.4Auction and Tendering拍卖和招投标
1.4.5Counter Trade对销贸易
1.4.6Processing and Assembling Trade对外加工装配贸易
1.5Crossborder Ecommerce 跨境电子商务
1.5.1What is Ecommerce何为电子商务
1.5.2Why Ecommerce为什么开展电子商务
1.5.3Types of Ecommerce电子商务的类型
1.5.4Future of Ecommerce电子商务的前景
1.6How to Study the Course如何学习本课程
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 2Negotiation and Performance of Business Contract商业合同的谈判和履行
2.1Contents and Forms of Contract合同的内容和形式
2.1.1Essential Terms必要条款
2.1.2Additional Terms附加条款
2.1.3Other Terms其他条款
2.1.4Additional Considerations其他注意事项
2.1.5Forms of Contract合同的形式
2.2Preparations to Contract合同的准备
2.2.1Employing Competent Negotiator雇用称职的谈判人员
2.2.2Selecting Target Market选择目标市场
2.2.3Selecting Prospective Customers选择潜在客户
2.2.4Designing Schedules制订经营方案
2.3Negotiations to Sign a Contract合同的谈判
2.3.1Inquiry 询盘
2.3.2Offer发盘
2.3.3Counteroffer还盘
2.3.4Acceptance接受
2.3.5Withdrawal and Revocation of Offer and Acceptance发盘和
接受的撤回和撤销
2.3.6Conclusion of a Contract合同的签订
2.4Performance of a Contract合同的执行
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 3Subject Matter of Contract合同标的
3.1Name of Commodities品名
3.2Quality of Commodities品质
3.2.1Sale by Actual Goods凭实物销售
3.2.2Sale by Sample凭样品销售
3.2.3Sale by Description凭说明销售
3.2.4Quality Latitude and Quality Tolerance品质公差、品质机动
幅度
3.3Quantity of Commodities数量
3.3.1Systems of Measurement度量体系
3.3.2Weight重量
3.3.3Quantity Allowance数量机动幅度
3.4Packing of Commodities商品的包装
3.4.1Packing包装
3.4.2Shipping Packing运输包装
3.4.3Sales Packing销售包装
3.4.4Neutral Packing中性包装
3.4.5Packing Clauses包装条款
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 4International Trade Terms国际贸易术语
4.1A General Introduction of Trade Terms贸易术语简介
4.1.1Systems of Trade Terms贸易术语系统
4.1.2Four Groups in Incoterms 2010 《国际贸易术语解释通则》
(2010)的四组术语
4.1.3Classifications of Trade Terms in Incoterms 2010 《国际贸易
术语解释通则》(2010)贸易术语的分类
4.2Relationship of Price and Risk Transfer价格和风险转移关系
4.3Contents of Trade Terms贸易术语的内涵
4.3.1EXW工厂交货
4.3.2FCA货交承运人
4.3.3FAS船边交货
4.3.4FOB装运港船上交货
4.3.5CFR成本加运费
4.3.6CIF成本加保险费、运费
4.3.7CPT运费付至
4.3.8CIP 运费、保险费付至
4.3.9DAT, DAP, and DDP运输终端交货、目的地交货、完税后
交货
4.4Principles in Choosing Price Terms如何选择价格术语
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 5International Payment国际支付
5.1Basic Modes of International Payment国际支付的基本方式
5.1.1Remittance汇付
5.1.2Collection托收
5.1.3Letter of Credit信用证付款
5.1.4Bank Guarantee银行保函
5.1.5Payment Choices支付方式的选择
5.2Instruments of Payment支付工具
5.2.1Bill of Exchange汇票
5.2.2Promissory Note本票
5.2.3Cheque支票
5.3Letter of Credit (L/C)信用证
5.3.1Features of Documentary L/C跟单信用证的特点
5.3.2Parties and Procedures of L/C信用证各方和程序
5.3.3Contents in L/C信用证的内容
5.3.4Classifications of L/C信用证的分类
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 6International Cargo Transport国际货物运输
6.1Modes of Transport运输方式
6.1.1Ocean Transport海洋运输
6.1.2Inland Waterway Transport内河运输
6.1.3Rail Transport铁路运输
6.1.4Road Transport公路运输
6.1.5Pipeline Transport管道运输
6.1.6Air Transport航空运输
6.1.7Parcel Post Transport邮包运输
6.1.8International Multimodal Transport (MMT)国际多式
联运
6.2Container Transport集装箱运输
6.2.1Descriptions of Container集装箱描述
6.2.2Types of Container集装箱的箱型
6.2.3CY and CFS Services集装箱服务模式
6.3Documents in Cargo Transportation运输单据
6.3.1Shipping Note装船通知
6.3.2Packing List and Weight List包装单和重量单
6.3.3Bill of Lading提单
6.3.4Consignment Note铁/公路运单
6.3.5Airway Bill航空运单
6.3.6Parcel Post Receipt邮包收据
6.3.7Combined Transport Document多式联运单据
6.4Clause of Shipment运输条款
6.4.1Shipping Time运输时间
6.4.2Port of Shipment and Destination起运港和装运港
6.4.3Partial Shipment and Transshipment分批装运和转运
6.4.4Notification of Cargo Readiness, Notice of Sending a Vessel,
and Shipping Advice备货通知、派船通知和装船通知
6.4.5Lay Time, Demurrage and Dispatch延迟、滞期和速遣
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 7Marine Cargo Insurance海洋货物保险
7.1Definition and Principles of Insurance保险的定义和原则
7.1.1Definition定义
7.1.2Principles of Insurance保险的基本原则
7.2Marine Cargo Insurance海洋货物保险
7.2.1Types of Risks风险的分类
7.2.2Types of Losses损失的分类
7.2.3Expenses in Reducing Loss营救费用
7.2.4Types of Coverage保险险别
7.2.5Forms of Policy保单类别
7.2.6Premium保险费
7.2.7Insurance Claim and Exclusion保险索赔和除外责任
7.2.8Insurance of Land, Air and Postal Transport陆运险,空运险和
邮政险
7.3Insurance Clauses保险条款
7.4Institute Cargo Clauses of the Institute of London Underwriters伦敦
保险协会保险条款
7.4.1Basic Marine Coverages of ICC ICC海洋基本险
7.4.2Additional Marine Coverages of ICC ICC海洋附加险
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 8Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and Arbitration检验、索赔、不可抗力
和仲裁
8.1Inspection检验
8.1.1Time and Place of Commodity Inspection商品检验的
地点和时间
8.1.2Inspection Body and Certificate检验机构和证书
8.1.3Inspection Standard and Method检验标准和方法
8.1.4Inspection Clauses检验条款
8.2Claim and Claim Settlement索赔和理赔
8.2.1Disputes 贸易争端
8.2.2Claim索赔
8.2.3Discrepancy and Claim Clause异议和索赔条款
8.2.4Penalty Clause罚金条款
8.3Force Majeure不可抗力
8.3.1Definition 定义
8.3.2Force Majeure Clause不可抗力条款
8.4Arbitration仲裁
8.4.1Definition定义
8.4.2Advantages of Arbitration仲裁的优点
8.4.3Contents of Arbitration Clause仲裁条款的内容
8.4.4Arbitration Clauses 仲裁条款
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 9Import and Export Procedures进出口程序
9.1Procedures in Importing进口程序
9.1.1Apply for Import License申请进口许可证
9.1.2Apply for Issuance of L/C申请信用证
9.1.3Book Shipping Space and Urge Shipment订舱、催装
9.1.4Send Shipping Advice发派船通知
9.1.5Effect Insurance投保
9.1.6Check Documents and Make Payment凭单付款
9.1.7Declare at the Customs海关申报
9.1.8Clear at the Customs清关
9.1.9Inspect and Take Delivery检验取货
9.1.10Supervise Foreign Exchange Payment and Verification
付汇和核销
9.1.11Claim and Indemnity索赔和赔偿
9.2Procedures in Exporting出口程序
9.2.1Prepare Goods备货
9.2.2Urge, Examine and Modify L/C催证、审证、改证
9.2.3Arrange Shipment安排装运
9.2.4Effect Insurance投保
9.2.5Take Delivery of Goods发货
9.2.6Make Declaration to the Customs海关申报
9.2.7Release Goods by the Customs海关放行
9.2.8Load Goods on Board the Vessel货物装船
9.2.9Send Shipping Advice发装船通知
9.2.10Prepare Documents for Settlement制单结汇
9.2.11Present Documents for Negotiation交单议付
9.2.12Collect Verification and Writingoff Export Proceeds
核销收汇
9.2.13Apply for Tax Refund出口退税
9.2.14Settle Disputes解决争端
9.3Main Documents主要单据
9.3.1Commercial Invoice商业发票
9.3.2Packing List包装单
9.3.3Certificate of Origin原产地证书
9.3.4Inspection Certificate检验证明
9.3.5Insurance Policy保险单
9.3.6Bill of Lading提单
9.3.7Bill of Exchange汇票
9.3.8Import and Export License进出口许可证
Words and Expressions
Exercises
Chapter 10Agreements,Organizations and Protectionism协议、机构和贸易保护主义
10.1Domestic Laws国内法
10.2International Trade Rules and Agreements国际贸易规则和
协议
10.2.1The United Nations Convention on Contract for the International
Sale of Goods 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》
10.2.2Incoterms 2010 《国际贸易术语解释通则》(2010)
10.2.3Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Letter of
Credit(600) 《跟单信用证统一惯例》(UCP600)
10.3Domestic Organizations国内机构
10.3.1The Ministry of Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China
中华人民共和国商务部
10.3.2Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and
Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共
和国质量监督检验检疫总局
10.3.3China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
中国国际贸易促进委员会
10.4International Organizations国际机构
10.4.1the International Chamber of Commerce国际商务协会
10.4.2World Trade Organization世界贸易组织
10.4.3AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚洲太平洋
经济合作组织
10.4.4ChinaASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA)中国东盟
自由贸易区
10.5Protectionism保护主义
10.6Tariff Barriers关税壁垒
10.6.1Revenue Tariffs and Protective Tariffs财政关税和保护性
关税
10.6.2Import Duty, Export Duty,Transit Duty and Surtax Duty进口
税、出口税、过境税、附加税
10.6.3Specific Duty,Ad Valorem Duty,Mixed Duty,Alternative
Duty从量税、从价税、混合税、选择税
10.7Nontariff Barriers非关税壁垒
10.7.1Import Quotas进口配额
10.7.2Import License 进口许可证
10.7.3Foreign Exchange Control 外汇管制
10.7.4State Monopoly 国家垄断
10.7.5Discriminatory Government Procurement Policy 歧视性
政府采购政策
10.7.6Minimum Price 最低限价
10.7.7Advanced Deposit 进口押金制
10.7.8Packing and Labeling Regulations包装和标签规定
10.7.9Technical Standards 技术标准
10.7.10Health and Sanitary Regulations卫生和健康规定
Words and Expressions
Exercises
期末试卷
References参考文献
Acknowledgements致谢
Appendix附录
本书有生动形象的图表和说明,内容简洁、清晰、易懂;有丰富多样的英文练习和参考答案,为读者提供方便快捷的学习辅助;每个章节都标示了专业术语和音标,方便读者口语交流和表达;另附有较多的相关新闻、背景信息、经典案例和单证样本,提供了丰富的知识内容,具有较高的参考价值。本书配备教学课件,适合作为各高等院校的专科生、本科生教材,也可作为有志于从事国际贸易实际业务的各类外贸人员的参考用书。
谢桂梅,女,北京物资学院副教授,发表论文20余篇,著作5部。主讲《国际贸易实务》、《大学英语》等课程,发表论文《北京市普通高校大学英语动机衰竭实证研究》等10几篇。