基于资源视角的供应链整合与企业绩效"
针对当前企业在开展供应链整合中所面临的问题，本书系统而全面地梳理了国内外学者对供应链整合划分维度、影响因素以及绩效作用等方面所做的研究。针对我国制造企业开展供应链整合的现状，本书基于企业资源的视角分析了高层支持与信息技术对供应链整合实施的促进作用；在基于时间竞争的创新时代背景下，强调了新产品上市速度的重要性，进而深入分析了供应链整合对新产品上市速度及财务绩效的作用机理；综合现有研究观点并依据资源基础观和关系观点、交易成本理论、社会—技术系统理论以及信息处理理论构建了“企业资源—供应链整合—企业绩效”的概念模型和研究假设。
随着全球化竞争的加剧，客户需求日益个性化和多样化，企业面对的市场环境发生重大改变：新产品数量激增、产品生命周期缩短、对产品和服务质量的期望提高、快速交货要求日益迫切。在当前注重产品创新的时间竞争时代，新产品的上市速度代表了企业的创新能力和时间绩效，故而备受关注。供应链整合作为一项时间竞争战略脱颖而出，沃尔玛、宝洁、戴尔、联想和Zara等知名企业纷纷开始实施。然而由于观念、管理、技术和保障机制等方面的障碍，我国目前真正有效实施供应链整合的企业还较少。因此，本书从整合层面视角对供应商整合与客户整合进行维度细分，研究企业资源对供应链整合及新产品上市速度和财务绩效的影响，具有重要的理论贡献和实践意义。
针对当前企业在开展供应链整合中所面临的问题，本书系统而全面地梳理了国内外学者对供应链整合划分维度、影响因素以及绩效作用等方面所做的研究。针对我国制造企业开展供应链整合的现状，本书基于企业资源的视角分析了高层支持与信息技术对供应链整合实施的促进作用；在基于时间竞争的创新时代背景下，强调了新产品上市速度的重要性，进而深入分析了供应链整合对新产品上市速度及财务绩效的作用机理；综合现有研究观点并依据资源基础观和关系观点、交易成本理论、社会—技术系统理论以及信息处理理论构建了“企业资源—供应链整合—企业绩效”的概念模型和研究假设。本书利用在中国制造企业调研获取的176份有效数据，借助多种统计分析方法对研究假设进行实证分析，大部分假设得到支持。
本书的主要研究结论和创新点如下：
第一，本书在对供应商整合与客户整合进行内容界定的基础上，提出了基于整合层面视角的维度划分方法和测量指标。将两者进一步细分为战略整合和运营整合，同时用战略
IV
基于资源视角的供应链整合与企业绩效
合作伙伴关系指标测度战略整合，用信息共享和共同参与指标测度运营整合。该维度划分
和指标测度观点得到调研数据的支持。与现有研究相比，本书将供应商整合与客户整合同
时纳入研究框架，能得到较为全面和完善的研究结论；对供应链整合的内容和测量指标进
行清晰界定，能为当前存在分歧的供应链整合绩效作用研究结论提供比较依据；提出基于
整合层面的维度划分方法不仅拓宽了供应链整合的维度框架，而且有助于实证分析和比较
供应链战略层与运营层整合的作用差异。
第二，本书从企业资源视角研究发现高层支持和信息技术是促进供应链整合实施的重
要资源(仅信息技术对供应商战略整合的作用不显著)，同时两者对客户战略整合有显著的
协同作用。本书通过比较分析发现高层支持对供应链整合的促进作用强于信息技术，同时
高层支持侧重于促进战略整合的实施，而信息技术侧重于促进运营整合的实施。与现有研
究相比，本书扩展了供应链整合影响因素的研究结论，在当前主要聚焦于关系视角(如信
任、承诺、依赖)和环境视角(如环境不确定、制度规范)的情况下，增加了企业资源视角的
前因研究，同时能为企业实施供应链整合提供合理的资源投入建议。
第三，本书分析了供应链整合的绩效作用，实证发现供应商战略整合、客户战略整
合与客户运营整合能显著提升新产品上市速度，进而改善财务绩效，新产品上市速度是供
应链整合影响财务绩效的中介变量。就新产品上市速度而言，供应商一方，战略整合作用
强于运营整合，而客户一方，反之；但整体而言，战略整合的绩效作用表现更显著。与现
有研究相比，本书证实了新产品上市速度对财务绩效的重要性，拓宽了供应链整合的绩效
指标；同时关注供应商整合与客户整合，并基于战略与运营两个层面来分析两者对新产品
上市速度的作用，补充和完善了现有的研究结论；揭示了供应链整合对财务绩效的作用机
理；战略整合显著的绩效作用表现证实了其不容忽视的重要性。
第四，本书验证了供应商整合与客户整合、战略整合与运营整合对新产品上市速度的
交互作用，实证研究发现供应商整合与客户整合能协同提升新产品上市速度(供应商与客
户的战略整合交互、运营整合交互均表现出显著的协同作用)，而战略整合与运营整合则
不能(供应商一方战略整合与运营整合表现出显著的拮抗作用，客户一方两者的交互作用
不显著)。与现有研究相比，本书明晰了供应商整合与客户整合、战略整合与运营整合对
新产品上市速度复杂的交互关系，完善了供应链整合的交互作用研究结论，为强调供应商
整合与客户整合应同时开展的论点提供佐证，并能为企业实施供应链整合以加快新产品上
V
市提供更为详尽的指导性建议。
尽管本书秉着严谨与科学的方法设计研究假设与概念模型，但由于能力所限，整体而
言，尚存在如下一些问题：①基于企业资源视角分析供应链整合的开展前因，但高层支持
与信息技术两大类资源含义复杂，有待进一步细化；②供应链整合运营层包括参与和信息
共享，但对这两者之间的相互关系以及协同作用分析不足；③行业差异带来的研究结论适
用性存在局限。鉴于以上问题，本书难免存在不足之处，欢迎读者批评指正。
作者
2017年1月
第1章 研究背景与研究问题 ····························································································1
1.1 研究的实践背景 ······································································································4
1.1.1 制造业竞争环境的改变 ·····························································································4
1.1.2 制造业竞争战略的转变 ·····························································································6
1.1.3 供应链整合实施中存在的问题 ·················································································8
1.2 研究的理论背景 ······································································································9
1.3 研究问题的提出 ····································································································13
1.3.1 现有研究的不足 ·······································································································13
1.3.2 主要研究问题 ···········································································································15
1.4 研究框架 ················································································································16
第2章 理论基础与文献综述 ·························································································19
2.1 相关概念的界定 ····································································································20
2.1.1 供应链整合 ···············································································································20
2.1.2 企业资源：高层支持与信息技术 ···········································································31
2.1.3 企业绩效：新产品上市速度与财务绩效 ·······························································34
2.2 相关理论基础 ········································································································36
2.2.1 资源基础观和关系观点 ···························································································36
2.2.2 交易成本理论 ···········································································································39
2.2.3 社会—技术系统理论 ·······························································································40
VIII基于资源视角的供应链整合与企业绩效
2.2.4 信息处理理论 ···········································································································41
2.3 供应链整合相关的文献综述 ················································································43
2.3.1 国外关于供应链整合的研究 ···················································································43
2.3.2 国内关于供应链整合的研究 ···················································································51
2.3.3 对国内外研究综述的评述 ·······················································································54
第3章 概念模型与研究假设 ··························································································57
3.1 概念模型 ················································································································58
3.2 研究假设 ················································································································64
3.2.1 企业资源对供应链整合的作用 ···············································································64
3.2.2 供应链整合对企业绩效的作用 ···············································································69
第4章 研究方法 ············································································································77
4.1 变量测量与问卷设计 ····························································································78
4.1.1 测量题项设计的原则和程序 ···················································································78
4.1.2 本书所涉及变量的测量方法 ···················································································79
4.2 样本选取与数据收集 ····························································································82
4.2.1 调研背景与样本选取 ·······························································································82
4.2.2 调研过程及质量控制 ·······························································································83
4.3 统计分析方法 ········································································································85
4.3.1 因子分析 ···················································································································86
4.3.2 相关分析和多重共线性分析 ···················································································87
4.3.3 基于PLS方法的结构方程建模 ················································································88
4.3.4 交互作用检验 ···········································································································90
4.3.5 中介作用检验 ···········································································································90
第5章 样本数据分析 ·····································································································93
5.1 问卷回收基本情况 ································································································94
5.1.1 问卷发放与回收 ·······································································································94
IX
5.1.2 样本的基本特征 ·······································································································95
5.2 缺失值处理 ············································································································ 98
5.3 样本数据的可靠性分析 ························································································ 98
5.3.1 样本同质性检验 ·······································································································98
5.3.2 无应答偏差 ···············································································································99
5.3.3 共同方法偏差 ···········································································································99
5.4 相关和多重共线性分析 ······················································································ 101
5.5 信度与效度分析 ·································································································· 102
5.5.1 单维度分析 ·············································································································102
5.5.2 信度检验 ·················································································································105
5.5.3 效度检验 ·················································································································106
5.6 正态性检验 ·········································································································· 108
第6章 实证研究结果与讨论 ·························································································111
6.1 供应链整合的维度划分 ······················································································ 112
6.2 企业资源、供应链整合和企业绩效直接作用 ·················································· 113
6.2.1 企业资源对供应链整合的直接作用 ·····································································114
6.2.2 供应链整合对企业绩效的直接作用 ·····································································117
6.3 企业资源对供应链整合的协同作用 ·································································· 119
6.4 供应链整合对新产品上市速度的协同作用 ······················································ 123
6.5 新产品上市速度对供应链整合与财务绩效关系的中介作用 ·························· 130
第7章 研究总结与展望 ································································································ 133
7.1 研究总结 ·············································································································· 134
7.2 研究局限与展望 ·································································································· 138
附录 ······························································································································ 139
参考文献 ······················································································································· 145
本书的主要研究结论和创新点如下：
第一，本书在对供应商整合与客户整合进行内容界定的基础上，提出了基于整合层面视角的维度划分方法和测量指标。将两者进一步细分为战略整合和运营整合，同时用战略合作伙伴关系指标测度战略整合，用信息共享和共同参与指标测度运营整合。第二，本书从企业资源视角研究发现高层支持和信息技术是促进供应链整合实施的重
要资源(仅信息技术对供应商战略整合的作用不显著)，同时两者对客户战略整合有显著的
协同作用。第三，本书分析了供应链整合的绩效作用，实证发现供应商战略整合、客户战略整
合与客户运营整合能显著提升新产品上市速度，进而改善财务绩效，新产品上市速度是供
应链整合影响财务绩效的中介变量。第四，本书验证了供应商整合与客户整合、战略整合与运营整合对新产品上市速度的
交互作用，实证研究发现供应商整合与客户整合能协同提升新产品上市速度(供应商与客
户的战略整合交互、运营整合交互均表现出显著的协同作用)，而战略整合与运营整合则
不能(供应商一方战略整合与运营整合表现出显著的拮抗作用，客户一方两者的交互作用
不显著)。
许德惠，女，汉族，1986年5月出生，博士，天津财经大学管理科学与工程学院教师。主要研究方向是供应链整合、运营管理，先后在《科研管理》《工业工程与管理》以及Industrial Management & Data Systems(《工业管理与数据系统》)等期刊发表多篇学术论文。
