计费系统是 5G 网络的重要组成部分，对支撑各类 5G 业务的正常运行起着至关重要的作用。

 本书共 7 章，第 1 章介绍计费的诞生与发展，全面分析计费系统的由来及通用功能，让对计

费系统不熟悉的读者了解相关背景知识，便于顺利阅读后续章节；第 2 ～ 6 章阐述通信网络及其

计费系统的发展过程、业务支撑规范的演化、计费系统定位产生的调整与变化，重点介绍 5G 计

费系统支撑的新场景、计费的新模式以及采用的新技术，让读者对 5G 计费系统形成端到端的全

面掌握；第 7 章介绍典型的 5G 计费解决方案，通过 5G 赋能交通、电力、医疗等行业的典型案

例的介绍，分析 5G 价值变现的途径与模式，进一步强化读者对 5G 计费系统的理解。

 本书主要适合信息与通信技术从业人士阅读，也可以作为高等院校通信、计算机等相关专业

本科和研究生的参考书。

丛书序

2019 年 6 月 6 日，工信部正式向中国电信、中国移动、中国联通和中国广电四家企业发放了 5G 牌照，这意味着中国正式按下了 5G 商用的启动键。

两年多以来，中国的 5G 基站装机量占据了世界总量的 2/3，地级以上城市已实现 5G 全覆盖；近 4 亿个 5G 终端连接，是全世界总量的 8 成；中国的 5G专利数超过美日两国的总和，在全球遥遥领先；5G 在工业、经济等社会领域的应用示范项目数以万计……

两年多以来，万众瞩目的 5G 与人工智能、云计算、大数据、物联网等新技术一起，改变个人生活，催生行业变革，加速经济转型，推动社会发展，正在打造一个“万物智联”的多维世界。

5G 带来个人生活方式的迭代。更加畅快的通信体验、无处不在沉浸式的AR/VR、智能安全的自动驾驶……这些都会因 5G 的到来而变成现实，给人类带来更加自由、丰富、健康的生活体验。

5G 带来行业的革新。受益于速率的提升、时延的改善、接入设备容量的增加，5G 触发的革新将从通信行业溢出，数字化改造得以加速，新技术的加持日趋显著，新的商业模式不断涌现，产业的升级将让千行百业脱胎换骨。

5G 带来多维的跨越。C 端消费与 B 端产业转型共振共生。“4G 改变生活，5G 改变社会”，5G 时代，普通消费者会因信息技术再一次升级而享受更多便捷，千行百业的数字化、智能化转型也会真正实现，两者互为表里，互相助推，把整个社会的变革提升到新高度。

近两年是 5G 在中国突飞猛进的两年，也是亚信科技战略转型升级取得突破性成果的两年。作为国内领先的软件与服务提供商、云网一体管理服务提供商，亚信科技紧扣时代发展节拍，积极拥抱 5G、云计算、大数据、人工智能、物联网等先进技术，积极开展创造性的技术产品研发演进，与业界客户、合作伙伴共同建设 5G+X 的生态体系，为 5G 赋能千行百业、企业数智化转型、产业可持续发展积极做出贡献。

在过去的两年中，亚信科技继续深耕通信业务支撑软件与服务（Business Supporting System，BSS）的优势领域，为运营商的 5G 业务在中华大地全面商用持续提供强有力的支撑。

亚信科技抓住 5G 带来的 B&O 融合的机遇，将能力延展到 5G 网络Operation Supporting System（OSS）领域，公司打造的 5G 网络智能化产品在运营商中取得了多个商用局点的突破与落地实践，在帮助运营商优化 5G 网络环境、提升 5G 服务体验的同时，公司也迈出了拓展 OSS 领域的坚实一步。

亚信科技在数字化运营 Data-Driven Software as a Service（DSaaS）这一创新业务板块也取得了规模化突破。在金融、交通、能源、政府等多个领域，帮助行业客户打造“数智”能力，用大数据和人工智能技术，协助他们获客、活客、留客，改善服务质量，实现行业运营数字化转型。

亚信科技在垂直行业市场服务领域进一步拓展，行业大客户版图进一步扩大，公司与云计算的各头部企业达成云 MSP 合作，持续提升云集成、云SaaS、云运营能力，并与他们一起，帮助邮政、能源、政务、交通、金融、零售等数十个大型行业客户上云、用云，降低信息化支出，提升数字化效率，提高城市数智化水平，用数智化手段为政企带来实实在在的价值提升。

亚信科技同时积极强化、完善了技术创新与研发的体系和机制。在过去的两年中，多项关键技术与产品获得了国际和国家级奖项，诸多技术组合形成了国际与国家标准。5G+ABCDT 的灵动组合，重塑了包括亚信科技自身在内的行业技术生态体系。“5G 与 AI 技术大系”丛书是亚信科技在过去几年中，以匠心精神打造我国 5G 软件技术体系的创新成果与科研经验的总结。我们非常高兴能将这些阶段性成果以丛书的形式与行业伙伴们分享与交流。

我国经历了从2G落后、3G追随、4G同步，到5G领先的历程。在这个过程中，亚信科技从未缺席。在未来的 5G 时代，我们将继续坚持以技术创新为引领，与业界合作伙伴们共同努力，为提升我国 5G 科技和应用水平、为提高全行业数智化水准、为国家新基建贡献力量。

 2021 年 10 月于北京

人类进入智能化社会的趋势已不可逆转，5G、大数据、云计算、人工智能是当前和今后相当长一段时间内学术界和工业界共同探寻研究的方向。《2020 年国务院政府工作报告》提出重点支持新型基础设施建设和新型城镇化建设以及交通、水利等重大工程建设。其中新型基础设施包括 5G、特高压、城际高速铁路和城际轨道交通、新能源汽车充电桩、大数据中心、人工智能、工业互联网、物联网等领域。

5G 是国家新基建规划的龙头，是国家间竞争的基础核心，谁掌握了 5G标准谁就拥有面向未来的话语权；谁拥有了 5G 网络的大规模建设能力，谁就能在 5G 产业竞争中占据优势。

和任何一种新兴产业的发展类似，5G 产业的健康发展离不开 5G 价值的持续变现。本书通过分析 5G 赋能各行各业的不同计费场景，对 5G 价值变现的问题进行理论探讨，对项目实践进行提炼总结，希望通过本书的出版，和业界同仁一道为促进 5G 产业的健康发展贡献力量。

全书共 7 章，包括计费的诞生与发展、5G 计费支撑的新场景、5G 计费的新模式、5G 计费系统的架构、5G 计费运用的技术、5G 计费系统的运维，以及 5G 计费场景实验室。

本书有如下特点：

● 目前市面上5G类图书主要聚焦分析通信网元或5G如何改变社会，本书则从5G价值变现的角度进行探讨，重点讲述5G赋能各行各业的价值变现问题。

● 从支撑场景、模式、新技术、落地解决方案等角度，对5G计费进行端到端的分析，对信息与通信技术从业人员有较大的参考价值。

● 全书图文并茂，从计费的概念开始，由浅入深地介绍计费使用的技术，分析2G、3G、4G等不同时期的计费系统的发展历程，兼顾不同读者的背景。

本书主要适合信息与通信技术从业人士阅读，也可以作为高等院校通信、计算机等相关专业本科和研究生的参考书。

本书由亚信科技计研发中心编写，顾宝华、乔稳担任联合主编，编写组成员包括欧阳晔博士、张桦、孔令鲁、张强、徐智刚、吴俊、杜元猛、赵标、章韩毅、赵存兴、康春林、金磊、胡海亮、蔡英明、蔡伟、韦昌太。感谢陈云峰、吕亚宁、张峰的审阅工作。

由于编者水平和精力有限，不足之处在所难免，若读者不吝告知，我们将不胜感激。

编者

 2021 年 10 月

目 录 

第 1 章 计费的诞生与发展 ································································1 

1.1 计费的基础概念··········································································· 1 

1.1.1 信息时代之前的交易模式 ································································ 1 

1.1.2 信息时代的交易模式 ······································································ 3 

1.2 计费的基础功能··········································································· 5 

1.2.1 信息管理系统 ··············································································· 5 

1.2.2 信用管理与提醒 ············································································ 6 

1.2.3 资费与订购 ·················································································10 

1.2.4 计费数据的采集与解析 ··································································13 

1.2.5 服务费用计算 ··············································································15 

1.2.6 服务账单生成 ··············································································18 

1.3 计费的周边系统··········································································22 

1.3.1 通信核心网 ·················································································22 

1.3.2 客户关系管理系统 ········································································26 

1.3.3 运营支撑系统 ··············································································29 

第 2 章 5G 计费支撑的新场景 ·························································· 31 

2.1 传统通信业务的计费····································································32 

2.1.1 语音业务 ····················································································33 

2.1.2 短消息业务 ·················································································37 

2.1.3 流量业务 ····················································································37 

2.2 5G 网络的典型特征 ·····································································39 

2.2.1 增强移动宽带 ··············································································40 

2.2.2 高可靠低时延通信 ········································································42 

2.2.3 大规模机器通信 ···········································································42 

2.2.4 5G 网络切片 ················································································43 

2.3 5G 新业务的计费 ········································································45 

2.3.1 服务体验计费 ··············································································46 

2.3.2 5G 网络切片计费 ··········································································47 

2.3.3 云服务计费 ·················································································55 

2.3.4 能力开放计费 ··············································································57 

2.3.5 边缘计算服务计费 ········································································61 

2.4 5G 泛生态业务的计费 ··································································63 

2.4.1 5G 时代行业生态概述 ····································································63 

2.4.2 ToB/ToI/ToP/ToH 生态计费 ······························································69 

第 3 章 5G 计费的新模式 ································································ 73 

3.1 计费模式的演化··········································································73 

3.1.1 离线状态的计费 ···········································································73 

3.1.2 在线状态的计费 ···········································································76 

3.1.3 离 / 在线融合计费 ·········································································80 

3.2 5G 时代的新商业模式 ··································································84 

3.2.1 场景化的服务 ··············································································84 

3.2.2 5G 价值计费 ················································································86 

3.3 5G 计费的定价模式 ·····································································87 

3.3.1 “一刻一策”的定价模式 ·······························································88 

3.3.2 “一客一策”的定价模式 ·······························································90 

3.3.3 多量纲融合计费模式 ·····································································91 

第 4 章 5G 计费系统的架构 ····························································· 94 

4.1 计费系统的技术背景····································································94 

4.1.1 标准组织的定义 ···········································································94 

4.1.2 运营商规范的要求 ········································································98 

4.2 计费系统架构演进路径······························································· 104 

4.2.1 联机采集计费系统 ······································································ 105 

4.2.2 分布式计费系统 ········································································· 108 

4.2.3 5G 网络对计费系统的影响 ···························································· 110 

4.3 5G 计费系统的实现 ··································································· 114 

4.3.1 5G 计费系统架构总览 ·································································· 114 

4.3.2 5G 融合计费网关 ········································································ 116 

第 5 章 5G 计费运用的技术 ····························································119 

5.1 分布式计算框架········································································ 119 

5.1.1 远程过程调用与服务化 ································································ 119 

5.1.2 批处理计算引擎 ········································································· 120 

5.1.3 流式计算引擎 ············································································ 122 

5.2 数据分片与路由········································································ 124 

5.2.1 数据分片与路由概述 ··································································· 124 

5.2.2 高可扩展性数据分片与路由策略 ···················································· 125 

5.3 HTTP/2 新协议 ········································································· 128 

5.3.1 HTTP/2 协议概述 ········································································ 129 

5.3.2 高性能 HTTP/2 服务端 ································································· 136 

5.4 高性能 RPC 框架 ······································································ 139 

5.4.1 高性能通信模型 ········································································· 139 

5.4.2 高性能可扩展通信协议 ································································ 139 

5.4.3 高性能语言对象序列化协议 ·························································· 140 

5.4.4 服务注册与发现 ········································································· 140 

5.5 百万级并发服务网关·································································· 141 

5.5.1 服务网关概述 ············································································ 141 

5.5.2 多协议的转换 ············································································ 142 

5.5.3 多策略服务路由 ········································································· 143 

5.5.4 服务负载均衡 ············································································ 143 

5.5.5 容错及流量控制 ········································································· 144 

5.6 分布式调度引擎········································································ 145 

5.6.1 应用调度引擎 ············································································ 145 

5.6.2 作业调度引擎 ············································································ 148 

5.7 数据抽象访问技术····································································· 151 

第 6 章 5G 计费系统的运维 ··························································· 152 

6.1 计费系统运维的演化过程···························································· 152 

6.1.1 早期被动响应式运维 ··································································· 152 

6.1.2 定制化的监控脚本 ······································································ 153 

6.2 5G 计费系统运维新要求 ····························································· 155 

6.2.1 自动化运维 ··············································································· 155 

6.2.2 智能化运维 ··············································································· 157 

6.2.3 快速扩容及服务保障 ··································································· 158 

6.3 5G 计费系统运维管理 ································································ 160 

6.3.1 基础配置管理 ············································································ 160 

6.3.2 计费系统健康体检 ······································································ 163 

第 7 章 5G 计费场景实验室 ··························································· 165 

7.1 智慧社区安防··········································································· 166 

7.1.1 智慧社区安防应用场景分析 ·························································· 168 

7.1.2 智慧社区无人机巡检计费场景 ······················································· 169 

7.1.3 智慧社区低时延计费场景 ····························································· 170 

7.2 体育赛事 AR/VR 视频直播 ·························································· 171 

7.2.1 体育赛事 AR/VR 视频直播应用场景分析 ·········································· 173 

7.2.2 AR/VR 边缘计算视频加速服务计费场景 ·········································· 174 

7.3 5G 智慧工厂 ············································································ 175 

7.3.1 5G 智慧工厂应用场景分析 ···························································· 175 

7.3.2 XR 远程协助计费场景 ································································· 177 

7.3.3 传感器事件提醒计费场景 ····························································· 178 

7.3.4 机器与货物运动轨迹跟踪提醒计费场景 ··········································· 179 

7.3.5 工业制造边缘计算服务计费场景 ···················································· 180 

7.4 远程会诊与远程手术·································································· 182 

7.4.1 远程会诊与远程手术应用场景分析 ················································· 183 

7.4.2 专家远程高清视频会诊计费场景 ···················································· 183 

7.4.3 专家远程实时同步手术操作计费场景 ·············································· 185 

7.4.4 远程医疗 QoS 计费场景 ································································ 187 

7.5 智慧农业种植及养护·································································· 189 

7.5.1 智慧农业种植及养护应用场景分析 ················································· 189 

7.5.2 无人机农业植保计费场景 ····························································· 191 

7.5.3 牲畜无人机监控找寻计费场景 ······················································· 193 

7.5.4 智慧农业种植专有切片计费场景 ···················································· 194 

来自国内大型电信软件与服务提供商的实战分享；业界先进的5G计费场景实验室理念与多量纲融合计费模式；全面翔实地阐述领先的5G场景计费技术架构及技术实现

亚信科技（中国）有限公司（简称亚信科技，股票代码01675.HK）创建于1993年，是国内领先的软件产品、解决方案和服务提供商，致力于成为5G时代大型企业数字化转型的使能者。

公司积极拥抱5G、云计算、大数据、AI、物联网等先进的技术，依据“一巩固、三发展”的战略决策，依托产品、服务、运营和集成的能力，在传统业务方面，以5G为契机，全面布局，提升效能，巩固BSS市场的领导地位；在新兴业务方面，5G OSS网络智能化、DSaaS数字化运营服务、企业上云及垂直行业领域快速规模化发展。同时，公司将与业界伙伴共同建设生态体系，持续推动商业模式转型，为企业数字化转型和产业可持续发展贡献力量。

亚信科技拥有行业领先的研发能力和丰富的电信级软件产品，包括客户关系管理、计费账 务、大数据、物联网及5G网络智能化产品。大型企业客户来自金融、交通、邮政、能源、广电、零售、政务等行业。