数据中心基础设施运维管理（基础篇）以培养合格的数据中心基础设施运维管理人才为目标，围绕与数据中心相关的国家政策

及解读、数据中心基础设施的基本组成、数据中心基础设施运维管理人才需求分析、数据中心安全管理及各项规章制度、数据中心相关认证等进行了系统论述。

全书共分5章，第1章介绍了国内数据中心的发展情况、数据中心定义以及数据中心运维人员严重短缺的严峻形势；第2章介绍了数据中心基础设施的组成及功能；第3章介绍了数据中心基础设施运维管理所需人才的技能要求及岗位职责；第4章介绍了数据中心相关安全管理及各项规章制度，为学习者提供了安全管理方面的模板；第5章介绍了数据中心相关认证、认证流程和所需材料。

数据中心基础设施运维管理（基础篇）可作为应用型本科、高职、中专院校数据中心基础设施运维管理等相关专业的教学用书，也可作为成人教育以及在职人员的培训教材和自学读物。

前 言

在大数据、云计算、物联网等迅猛发展的今天，数据中心建设的规模在不断地扩大，

使用的新技术层出不穷，数据中心变得越来越复杂，其运维工作更是要求运维人员具备

方方面面的知识，这使得运行和维护数据中心基础设施的难度、工作量等逐渐加大。随

着数据中心的不断扩充和升级，数据中心安全、稳定地运行等数据中心基础业务越来越

受到重视，这些都对数据中心基础设施运行维护的水平提出了更高的要求。

数据中心基础设施运维一方面对技术人才要求越来越高，另一方面市场上掌握相

关技能的数据中心的运维人才大量短缺，这就使得与之相关的就业市场空前繁荣。在可

预见的未来，基础设施运维人才需求量巨大，而市场可提供的人才远远不能满足需求，

相关岗位的薪资增长力度会比较大。我国当前的人才现状与数据中心基础设施运维行业

的需求严重不匹配，运维管理人才短缺的问题非常严重，已成为制约行业发展的重要因

素。得到满足市场需要的数据中心运维人才的办法只有一个，就是通过教育培养出一大

批满足市场需求的运维人才。培养运维人才应主动作为，注重发挥教育和培训优势，重

视基础性人才培养。为加快培养出合格的数据中心基础设施运维人才，提高从业人员的

整体技能、管理水平，弥补市面上缺少针对性教材的空白，由中国智慧工程研究会大数

据教育专业委员会牵头，北京慧芃科技有限公司组织编写了这套“新基建·数据中心系

列丛书”。

全书本着“懂方法、重应用”的总体思路，教学内容的编排以数据中心基础设施运

维管理岗位需求和当今数据中心实际情况为主线，按职业能力的形成过程整合相关的基

础知识和技能要求，突出教学的实用性；按理论与实践相结合的教学模式，突出讲解了

数据中心基础设施运维管理所需要掌握的国家有关政策、基本技能和各项规章制度。为

遵循认知过程的规律，本书内容深入浅出、循序渐进，充分融入编者多年运维管理经验，

提供了各项规章制度模板，创设学习情境，增加教学的直观性，使学生能更容易把握实

践操作要领，帮助学生理解并记忆所学的专业知识，体现教学的科学性；落实“做中教、

做中学”的教学理念，技能训练内容的设计贴近数据中心基础设施运维管理实际需求，

力求在有限的课时内最大限度地提升学生的运维管理技能，为学生终身职业生涯的发展

搭建平台，突出创新性。

本书编者从事数据中心基础设施运维管理、培训等工作多年，书中许多内容是对编



III

者多年工作经验的总结，且融合了编者的很多培训案例和资料。书中第1章对当前数据

中心发展态势的分析参考了科智咨询发布的《2020—2021年中国IDC行业发展研究报

告》的部分内容，在此对所参考内容的原编著者表示敬意和感谢！另外，北京交通大学

在读博士郑玥同学对书中的插图绘制、内容编辑和校对等工作提供了很多帮助，在此对

她表示感谢！

由于时间仓促，编者水平有限，书中难免有错误和不妥之处，希望广大读者批评、

指正。

编者



目 录

第1章　数据中心概述 ····························································1

1.1　新基建相关政策 ·················································································1

1.1.1　政策背景 ·······················································································1

1.1.2　政策内容 ·······················································································1

1.1.3　政策解读 ·······················································································2

1.2　数据中心简介 ····················································································3

1.2.1　数据中心的定义 ··············································································3

1.2.2　数据中心等级划分 ···········································································5

1.2.3　数据中心发展历程 ···········································································6

1.2.4　数据中心发展态势 ···········································································9

第2章　数据中心基础设施 ····················································12

2.1　电气系统 ························································································12

2.1.1　高压系统 ·····················································································13

2.1.2　柴油发电机组 ···············································································22

2.1.3　变压器 ························································································23

2.1.4　低压系统 ·····················································································25

2.1.5　UPS及其配电系统 ·········································································30

2.1.6　电源精密列头柜 ············································································33

2.1.7　工业连接器插座 ············································································34

2.1.8　末端配电箱 ··················································································34

2.1.9　低压断路器 ··················································································35

2.1.10　自动转换开关（ATS） ··································································40

2.1.11　照明灯具 ···················································································41

2.1.12　应急照明灯具 ·············································································41

2.1.13　机柜PDU ···················································································42



VI

数据中心基础设施运维管理（基础篇）

2.1.14　数据中心防雷接地系统 ·································································43

2.2　暖通空调系统 ··················································································48

2.2.1　基本概念 ·····················································································48

2.2.2　基本组成 ·····················································································48

2.2.3　工作原理 ·····················································································50

2.2.4　主要类型 ·····················································································52

2.3　弱电系统 ························································································53

2.3.1　基本概念 ·····················································································53

2.3.2　系统组成 ·····················································································54

2.4　消防系统 ························································································70

2.4.1　数据中心消防系统的概念 ································································70

2.4.2　火灾自动报警及联动灭火系统的工作原理 ···········································70

2.4.3　消防系统分类 ···············································································70

第3章　运维管理人才需求分析 ···············································74

3.1　运维管理人才需求情况 ······································································74

3.2　运维岗位所需技能 ············································································75

3.3　运维人才分级 ··················································································76

3.3.1　专业人员分级 ···············································································76

3.3.2　人员职责 ·····················································································76

3.3.3　某数据中心对基础设施运维的岗位要求 ··············································77

第4章　数据中心安全管理 ····················································82

4.1　安全教育 ························································································82

4.1.1　入职安全教育 ···············································································82

4.1.2　安委会职责及架构 ·········································································84

4.1.3　数据中心安全风险 ·········································································85

4.1.4　安全标准 ·····················································································95

4.1.5　安全事故应急救援预案 ··································································114

4.2　数据中心规章制度 ···········································································116

4.2.1　制定规章制度的目的 ·····································································116

4.2.2　规章制度的适用范围 ·····································································116

4.2.3　办公区域安全规章制度 ··································································117

4.2.4　安全会议规章制度 ········································································117

4.2.5　巡视安全制度 ··············································································118

4.2.6　维修维护安全制度 ········································································122



VII

4.2.7　旁站监督安全制度 ········································································125

4.2.8　安全用品管理制度 ········································································125

4.2.9　特殊作业安全管理制度 ··································································126

4.2.10　值班室安全管理制度 ···································································134

4.2.11　机房安全防火制度 ······································································135

4.2.12　危险品管理制度 ·········································································136

4.2.13　安全培训制度 ············································································137

4.2.14　特殊工种资格证管理制度 ·····························································140

4.2.15　节假日安全管理制度 ···································································140

4.2.16　保密管理制度 ············································································141

4.2.17　安全生产处罚制度 ······································································142

4.2.18　安全生产检查制度 ······································································152

4.2.19　安全生产事故及处罚制度 ·····························································153

第5章　数据中心相关认证 ···················································155

5.1　什么是数据中心等级认证 ··································································155

5.2　数据中心等级认证的意义 ··································································155

5.3　数据中心等级认证的类别 ··································································156

5.3.1　CQC认证 ···················································································156

5.3.2　Uptime Tier认证···········································································161

5.3.3　TüV TSI认证 ··············································································167

5.4　数据中心CQC等级认证流程 ······························································169

5.4.1　向有关机构递交认证申请 ·······························································169

5.4.2　认证流程 ····················································································170

5.4.3　验证测试资料清单 ········································································171

5.4.4　现场审核资料及审核要点 ·······························································172



数据中心基础设施运维管理（基础篇）以“懂方法，重应用”为原则，以数据中心基础设施运维管理岗位需求和数据中心实际运行情况为主线，按职业能力培养过程的需求融合必备的知识和技能，强调内容的实用性

数据中心基础设施运维管理（基础篇）结合编者多年的运维管理经验，在内容安排上遵循认知过程的规律，做到理论与实践的有机融合

通过创设学习情境，使读者可直观地掌握操作要领，轻松理解并记住所学专业知识

秉持“做中教、做中学”的理念，使技能训练的设计更贴近实际要求，力求高效提升读者的运维管理技能