本书对现代项目管理的基本管理过程、知识模块、工具和方法等进行了全面的介绍。全书共有十二章，每部分都力求深入浅出，站在项目经理角度，考虑其责任大于权力的现实，并结合时代特征，学习项目管理的软技能和硬技能；通过实际案例、高效的工具和模板，使读者能够对现代项目管理有一个快速了解和直接应用，帮助其在复杂环境下成为一名合格的项目经理。本书既可作为在校大学生或研究生的教学用书，也可作为管理培训、企业管理人员学习与研究的参考读物。

一、引言

我们生活在一个项目化的时代，各类组织都有开展项目和推行项目化管理的需求。随

着国家“一带一路”倡议的不断推进和实施，以及互联网和电子商务的广泛应用，各类组

织对项目管理会有更新、更高的要求，例如，跨国项目管理、跨文化项目管理、不同以往

的项目风险管理以及新的项目沟通方式。

从管理者角度看，人们工作中有60%～80%的时间与项目有关。每个职业人都会像一

个项目经理一样，管理项目、带领团队。通过学习和实践，每个人都可能成为成功的项目

管理者。

从组织成长角度看，随着项目管理在组织中的渗透和成熟，越来越多的组织向项目

驱动型企业转型。在有限的时间和关键的资源限制下，组织利用项目管理来完成特定的任

务，通过建立项目驱动机制，以项目为抓手，得以发展和壮大。

从管理理论角度看，工商管理（MBA）、公共管理（MPA）与项目管理（PMP）三

者被称为形成管理理论界三足鼎立的3M体系。工商管理和公共管理是横向的管理理论，

其整个理论体系涵盖了企业管理和行政管理涉及的所有领域。项目管理知识体系涵盖的内

容虽然与工商管理和公共管理有很多的重合之处，但是它更侧重于纵向的管理，即将一件

事情从头管到尾。项目管理就是教人如何办事，无论是大事还是小事，总之是要把事情办

得既有章法又有效率。工商管理和公共管理是一种学历教育，具有较强的理论色彩，而项

目管理则更侧重于解决问题的方法及其实践意义。工商管理和公共管理是政企有别的，前

者针对企业管理，后者针对政府管理。项目管理却是政企通用的，它的管理理论不仅适用

于企业，而且也适用于政府。

项目经理必须要为项目的成功负责，但项目的特性往往让项目经理责任大于权力。因

此，项目经理需要有过硬的管理技能。项目管理强调以客户为导向，以团队为基础，以沟

通为途径，以创新为钥匙，既要详细计划，又要灵活变化。总之，项目管理对项目管理者

有较高的要求。

本书通过实际案例、高效的工具和模板，帮助管理者在复杂环境下当好项目经理，成

功应对极具挑战的项目！



二、本书的内容组织

本书主要以美国PMI体系为基本线索，按项目生命周期的基本构架来组织编写。但由

于编者能力有限，不能全面反映整个项目生命周期不同时期错综复杂的情况。

本书第一部分是项目的组织与启动，主要包括：

第一章主要介绍了项目管理的概念体系和知识体系，包括项目、项目管理、项目生命

周期、项目干系人、项目主要角色等，以及项目管理的五大管理过程和十大知识模块。另

外，也简要介绍了项目管理的发展历史以及项目管理的职业发展。

第二章首先介绍了项目组织、项目团队、项目经理及其他项目角色等概念；其次，介

绍了职能型项目组织、项目型组织、矩阵型组织等结构特点，项目管理办公室职能的建立

与运行，以及项目经理的选择、责任与权利、能力和素质要求；最后，介绍了项目团队的

概念、特点及项目团队的组建、建设、管理三个阶段的重要内容。

第三章主要介绍了项目的选择与启动相关知识，项目是实现组织战略目标的手段，因

此，项目的选择必须要以组织战略为导向。本章首先介绍了愿景、使命、战略目标、项目组

合等概念及项目规划过程；其次，介绍了用财务模型及评分模型来选择项目并对项目进行优

先级排序的方法；最后，介绍了项目章程的内容、编制、正式批准及项目启动过程。

本书第二部分是项目的计划，主要包括：

第四章主要介绍了项目干系人管理与沟通计划的相关知识。首先，介绍了项目干系人

管理的主要过程，包括项目干系人识别、干系人分析以及编制干系人管理计划等；其次，

介绍了编制项目沟通计划的目的、内容、创建沟通矩阵以及项目沟通的各种方式；最后，

介绍了项目冲突计划。

第五章主要介绍了项目范围管理计划的相关知识。首先，介绍了项目范围规划、

范围定义以及范围确认的相关概念及过程；其次，介绍了有关创建项目工作分解结构

（WBS）的相关知识；最后，介绍了项目范围变更控制的概念及方法。

第六章主要介绍了项目进度管理计划的相关知识。首先，介绍了项目进度管理、项目

进度计划等概念；其次，介绍了项目进度计划的编制过程与方法；最后，阐释了项目工期

压缩的基本方法。

第七章主要介绍了项目资料与成本管理计划的相关知识。一方面，介绍了项目成本构

成要素、项目资源计划、项目成本估算以及项目成本预算编制过程，另一方面，简要介绍

了项目成本控制的概念及主要方法。

第八章主要介绍了项目风险管理计划的相关知识。首先，介绍了项目风险的定义与分

类、风险管理的目标以及风险管理计划；其次，介绍了如何进行风险识别、风险定性和定

量分析、制订相应的风险应对计划并实时更新风险登记册；最后，介绍了风险监控的相

关内容。

第九章主要介绍了项目质量管理的概念体系与知识体系、现代质量管理基本理论，以

及项目质量管理的核心概念，包括干系人满意度、过程管理、基于事实的管理、有效地执

行等核心概念，详细阐述了项目质量规划、保证、控制、持续改进四个过程的基本内容，

以及每个过程中的工具与技术。



本书第三部分是项目的实施与收尾，主要包括：

第十章主要介绍了采购管理及合同管理的概念及其相关知识，包括项目采购规划、采

购实施及合同管理的基本过程及知识。

第十一章主要介绍了项目控制过程、项目监控以及几个主要的项目控制工作，包括变

更控制、沟通控制、质量控制、进度与成本控制等。

第十二章主要介绍了项目终止、收尾、项目后评价的基本概念与相关知识，以及项目

终止基本类型、项目收尾过程、项目后评价的基本方法。

三、教学建议

1. 教学目标

掌握项目管理的基本概念和知识体系（PMBOK.），了解现代项目管理专业领域的

特点和热点；掌握有效管理项目的技能与方法，培养项目经理应当具备的知识、素质以

及能力，建设和管理项目团队；掌握常用项目管理软件工具和项目管理支撑环境，如MS 

Project或P3等；通过案例或实际考察了解知名企业的项目管理方法与实践。

2. 教学知识点及教学安排建议

各章主要知识点课时安排

第一章

项目管理概述

● 

项目及项目管理的概念及特性；

● 

项目管理五大过程；

● 

项目管理十大知识领域；

● 

项目生命周期各阶段的主要活动及可交付物；

● 

项目干系人及主要项目角色；

● 

项目成败的衡量标准及理由；

● 

项目管理学科发展与职业认证

2～4 

第二章

项目组织、项目经理与项目

团队

● 

主要的项目组织结构类型及其特点；

● 

项目管理办公室职责；

● 

项目经理的职责与权力及能力素质要求；

● 

高效项目团队的建设和管理

2～4 

第三章

项目选择与启动

● 

组织战略与项目识别；

● 

项目组合管理；

● 

项目选择方法（财务模型与评分模型）；

● 

项目章程的内容与编制；

● 

项目启动过程的任务、标志、成果及项目启动会议

2～4 

第四章

项目干系人管理与沟通计划

● 

项目干系人管理的过程与策略；

● 

项目沟通计划的构成与编制；

● 

项目会议的组织方法；

● 

全球化与虚拟团队的沟通；

● 

项目冲突的应对

2～4 



续表

各章主要知识点课时安排

第五章

项目范围管理计划

● 

项目范围管理计划的制订；

● 

项目范围定义及确认；

● 

项目范围说明书的编制；

● 

工作分解结构（WBS）与工作包；

● 

项目范围变更控制的内容与方法

2～4 

第六章

项目进度管理计划

● 

项目进度管理的过程；

● 

项目活动的定义与排序；

● 

网络图的绘制方法；

● 

关键路径的含义与确定方法；

● 

压缩进度计划的方法

2～4 

第七章

项目资源与成本管理计划

● 

项目成本结构；

● 

项目资源计划；

● 

成本估算方法；

● 

成本预算的编制；

● 

项目成本控制的方法

2～4 

第八章

项目风险管理计划

● 

项目风险管理计划及管理过程

● 

项目风险识别及编制项目风险登记册；

● 

项目风险分析；

● 

项目风险应对与监控

2～4 

第九章

项目质量管理计划

● 

现代质量管理理论；

● 

项目质量管理的核心概念；

● 

项目质量规划、保证、控制、改进等过程及其关系；

● 

项目质量管理工具与技术的应用

2～4 

第十章

项目采购与合同管理

● 

编制项目采购规划；

● 

项目采购实施与招投标；

● 

工程项目承发包模式及其特点；

● 

采购合同的类型与管理

2～4 

第十一章

项目控制工作

● 

项目控制过程；

● 

项目监控；

● 

主要项目控制工作与方法

2～4 

第十二章

项目收尾与评价

● 

项目终止的类型及主要工作；

● 

项目收尾的主要工作及要求；

● 

非正常项目的诊断与终止；

● 

项目后评价的主要内容及方法

2～4 

四、教辅材料

课程教学网站及各章后面提供了多种类型的思考题，包括选择题、简答题以及案例讨

论题，同时还为教师提供了相关教辅材料，如课程大纲、配套课件、管理模板以及习题答

案，这些教辅材料可以减轻教师的教学负担，给教学工作带来一定帮助。扫描书中二维码

可获取书后附录的管理模板等资料，获取其他教辅资料可访问课程教学网站。



前 言V 

五、致谢

本书中使用了他人大量的资料和数据，在此向其表示感谢。

非常感谢对本书做出贡献的项目经理和同学们，项目经理给了我们怎样管理项目的经

验，学生们启发了我们如何讲授项目管理课程的思路。特别是罗文、蔡月月、曹帅、梁家

莉和谢悦等研究生为本书的素材收集与整理做了大量工作，在此一并表示感谢。

非常感谢清华大学出版社的编辑老师，他们为本书的顺利出版提出了有益的建议。

非常感谢湖南大学工商管理学院的领导和同事，他们毫不吝啬地让我们分享了他们大

量的研究成果。

第一部分 组织和启动项目

第一章 项目管理概述 ································································································2

第一节 了解项目管理 ·········································································································2

第二节 项目管理知识体系 ·································································································8

第三节 项目中的各种角色 ·······························································································16

第四节 项目的成功与失败 ·······························································································19

第五节 项目管理发展与职业认证 ···················································································21

课后练习 ·······························································································································26

第二章 项目组织、项目经理与项目团队 ·································································29

第一节 项目组织 ···············································································································30

第二节 项目经理 ···············································································································38

第三节 项目团队 ···············································································································42

课后练习 ·······························································································································52

第三章 项目选择与启动 ··························································································55

第一节 战略导向的项目识别 ···························································································55

第二节 项目选择与排序 ···································································································60

第三节 项目章程 ···············································································································66

第四节 项目启动 ···············································································································70

课后练习 ·······························································································································72

第二部分 编制项目管理计划

第四章 项目干系人管理与沟通计划 ········································································76

第一节 项目干系人管理 ···································································································76



第二节沟通计划···············································································································87 

第三节沟通方式···············································································································90 

第四节冲突管理计划·······································································································96 

课后练习·····························································································································103 

第五章项目范围管理计划 ····················································································106 

第一节项目范围管理计划·····························································································106 

第二节项目工作分解结构 ·····························································································113 

第三节项目范围变更控制·····························································································121 

课后练习·····························································································································124 

第六章项目进度管理计划 ····················································································127 

第一节项目进度管理概述·····························································································127 

第二节项目进度计划制订·····························································································130 

第三节项目进度计划压缩·····························································································146 

课后练习·····························································································································150 

第七章项目资源与成本管理计划··········································································153 

第一节项目成本构成·····································································································153 

第二节项目资源计划·····································································································156 

第三节项目成本估算·····································································································158 

第四节项目成本预算·····································································································165 

第五节项目成本分析·····································································································169 

第六节项目成本控制·····································································································173 

课后练习·····························································································································175 

第八章项目风险管理计划 ····················································································178 

第一节项目风险概述·····································································································178 

第二节项目风险识别·····································································································181 

第三节项目风险分析·····································································································187 

第四节项目风险应对·····································································································190 

第五节项目风险监控·····································································································193 

课后练习·····························································································································196 

第九章项目质量管理计划 ····················································································199 

第一节项目质量管理概述·····························································································199 

第二节项目质量规划·····································································································209 

第三节项目质量保证体系·····························································································214 

第四节项目质量控制·····································································································219 

课后练习·····························································································································223 



第三部分 项目实施与收尾

第十章项目采购与合同管理·················································································228 

第一节项目采购规划·····································································································229 

第二节采购实施·············································································································232 

第三节工程项目承发包模式·························································································237 

第四节合同管理·············································································································245 

课后练习·····························································································································253 

第十一章项目控制工作························································································256 

第一节项目控制概述·····································································································256 

第二节项目监控·············································································································258 

第三节几个主要的项目控制环节·················································································262 

课后练习·····························································································································275 

第十二章项目收尾与评价 ····················································································278 

第一节项目终止·············································································································278 

第二节项目收尾·············································································································283 

第三节非正常终止项目的处理·····················································································287 

第四节项目后评价·········································································································291 

课后练习·····························································································································295 

附录一项目人力资源管理工作模板·············································································298 

附录二项目启动管理工作模板·····················································································298 

附录三项目干系人管理工作模板·················································································298 

附录四项目沟通管理工作模板·····················································································298 

附录五项目范围管理工作模板·····················································································299 

附录六项目进度管理工作模板·····················································································299 

附录七项目成本管理工作模板·····················································································299 

附录八项目风险管理工作模板·····················································································299 

附录九项目质量管理工作模板·····················································································300 

附录十项目采购与合同管理工作模板·········································································300 

参考文献·················································································································301 

理论前沿和本土案例相结合，实用性和实效性强，内容丰富助力阅读学习

张喜征，管理学博士，2003年毕业于中南大学商学院，2005年在湖南大学工商管理学院进行博士后研究，现任湖南大学工商管理学院教授。兼任湖南大学现代项目管理与智能商务研究中心副主任，湖南省高等教育学会电商专业委员会常务副理事长，电子商务与物流管理系主任。长期从事项目管理、供应链管理、系统仿真、电子商务和知识管理等方向的研究、教学和研究生培养工作。代表著作有《虚拟企业协同产品开发中知识协同与整合》《现代物流管理》《管理信息系统》《虚拟企业信任机制研究》。主持有国家自然科学基金、国家人文社科规划基金、科技部软科学基金、教育部人文社科规划基金、中国博士后科学基金等十多个项目课题，发表论文60多篇。