
本教程是一本英语论文写作的入门教科书,共10个单元,内容包括对论文的界定、选题方法、研究过程,书目卡和文摘卡的制作、列提纲的方法、论文的组织、文摘资料与行文的融合、论文中语法与文体的要求、初稿的写作与论文的修改、文前文后部分的处理与安排等。正文后附有10篇论文样本,再加上第9单元中的1篇,共11个样本。全书10个单元内容的讲解都紧密结合了这11个样本。因此,本教程最大的特点是用论文样本说话,手把手、一步一步教给学生查资料、做研究、写论文的方法,把写作理论与写作实践高度统一起来。
本教程适合高校英语专业和其他专业毕业论文写作教学使用,兼顾文、理、工科各类专业的学生。
前 言
《英语论文写作入门教程》是针对不知道什么是论文,没有写过任何论文的本科大学生和其他学习者编写的。其最大特点是用论文样本说话,手把手、一步一步地教给学生查资料、做研究、写论文的方法,把写作理论与写作实践高度统一起来。本书兼顾文、理、工科各类高校的学生,让他们把学到的英语知识运用到本专业的论文设计、写作中去,为未来搞好科研工作,参加国际学术交流会议,在国际学术刊物发表文章,在国际学术出版社出版论著奠定良好的基础。
本书尤其适合高校英语专业和其他专业毕业论文写作教学。它既体现了高等学校英语专业高年级教学大纲所要求的内容,又体现了国内外流行的科研论文写作规范(特别是MLA和APA的格式与规范)和修辞要求,并结合论文样本条分缕析地一一进行分析讲解。因此,本书的设计具有创新理念,可操作性强,有利于课堂教学与自学。
本书共分10个单元,内容包括对论文的界定、选题方法、研究过程、书目卡和文摘卡的制作、列提纲的方法、论文的组织、文摘资料与行文的融合、论文中语法与文体的要求、初稿的写作与论文的修改、文前文后部分的处理与安排等。正文后附有10篇论文样本,加上第9单元中的1篇,共11个样本。全书10个单元内容的讲解都紧密结合了这11个样本。需要说明的是,样本不是范本,有的甚至不符合论文规范,有的还有语法及文体错误,这些问题是有意留下供学生做练习和改错用的。
我们建议,该课程的教学可安排在大学本科最后一年的第一学期,每周安排两课时,用10周的时间授课。这样,就可以给学生留下充足的时间酝酿选题,查找资料,为论文的写作做好充分准备。
本书为中国学位与研究生教育学会“十五”研究课题“研究生英语读写课程教学的改革与研究”成果(课题编号:06CB105),
由高恩光、戴建东主编,胡明珠和任彤参加编写。其中,戴建东编写了第1、2单元和部分样本的整理修改工作;任彤编写了第3、4单元;胡明珠编写了5、6、7、8单元;高恩光编写了第9、10单元和部分样本的整理修改工作。最后由高恩光对全书进行了统稿和编排。
在本书的编写过程中,得到了太原理工大学博士生导师谢克明及陈泽华、谢刚、阎高伟、刘全周等老师的大力支持,并提供了论文样本;得到了太原师范学院计算机系主任刘耀军的帮助,并提供了论文样本;得到了太原旅游职业学院教师李谨的帮助,并提供了论文样本;还得到了我们的学生刘子芳、张敏、刘翠萍、贾璞、白瑞丽、李俊莲、马文婷的帮助,并提供了论文样本,我们在此深表感谢。另外,在有些单元的作业(task)中采用了Reginal LSmalley和Mary KRuetten编写的Refining Composition Skills — Rhetoric and Grammar for ESL Students 中的片断文章,但为了有利于学生做作业,书中没有标明,特此说明。
由于编著者水平有限,加之时间仓促,书中的遗漏和不妥之处在所难免,敬请广大读者批评指正。
编 者
2008年1月于太原
目 录
Unit 1 Understanding the Research Paper (1)
1.1 Definition of a Research Paper (1)
1.2 Components of a Graduation Research Paper (2)
1.3 The Importance of Writing a Research Paper (3)
1.4 Kinds of Research Papers (5)
1.5 Steps Involved in Writing a Research Paper (7)
Unit 2 Ways in Choosing a Topic (9)
2.1 Identifying a General Subject Area (9)
2.2 Defining the Topic (12)
2.2.1 Importance and Interest (12)
2.2.2 Manageability (12)
2.2.3 Availability of Resources (13)
2.3 Resources Guiding Your Choice of Topic (14)
2.3.1 Popular General Encyclopedias (14)
2.3.2 Specialized Encyclopedias (14)
2.3.3 Biographical Sources (15)
2.3.4 Unabridged Dictionaries (16)
2.3.5 Periodicals (16)
2.3.6 Other Sources (16)
2.4 Making a Hypothesis for Your Topic (17)
Unit 3 Process of Doing the Research (I) (18)
3.1 Using the Library and Electronic Sources (18)
3.2 Preparing a Working Bibliography (20)
3.2.1 Format for a Working Bibliography (20)
3.2.2 Electronic Working Bibliography (24)
3.3 Reading Reference Materials (24)
3.4 Evaluating Sources (27)
Unit 4 Process of Doing the Research (II) (29)
4.1 Format of the Note Cards (30)
4.2 Forms of Note Cards (30)
4.2.1 The Quotation Note Card (30)
4.2.2 The Paraphrase Note Card (33)
4.2.3 The Summary Note Card (34)
4.2.4 The Comment Note Card (36)
4.2.5 Note in Chinese Origin (37)
4.3 NoteTaking on a Computer (37)
4.4 Avoiding Plagiarism (38)
Unit 5 Outlining the Research Paper (41)
5.1 The Thesis Statement (41)
5.1.1 Factors in Shaping a Thesis Statement (42)
5.1.2 Acquiring the Thesis Statement (43)
5.1.3 Functions of the Thesis Statement (44)
5.1.4 Principles for Wording the Thesis Statement (45)
5.2 The Purpose Statement (48)
5.3 The Outline (49)
5.3.1 Outline Formats (50)
5.3.2 Types of Outlines (51)
Unit 6 Organization of the Research Paper (55)
6.1 The Structure of a Research Paper (56)
6.2 Rhetorical Principles in Paragraphs and in the Paper as a Whole (56)
6.2.1 Unity (57)
6.2.2 Coherence (58)
6.2.3 Cohesion (60)
6.2.4 Emphasis (62)
6.2.5 Completeness (64)
Unit 7 Incorporating the Notes into Flow of the Paper (66)
7.1 Use of SummaryandParaphrase Notes (69)
7.2 Use of Quotation Notes (70)
7.2.1 How to Make an Alteration in a Quotation (70)
7.2.2 How to Fit a Quotation into a Text (71)
7.2.3 How to Use a Brief Quotation (72)
7.2.4 How to Use a Long Quotation (73)
7.2.5 How to Use Quotations from Poetry (75)
7.2.6 How to Use Quotations from Drama (76)
7.3 Punctuation with Quotations (78)
7.4 Use of Personal Comments (82)
7.4.1 Interpreting Materials (83)
7.4.2 Marking Transitions (83)
7.4.3 Drawing Conclusions (83)
Unit 8 Style and Grammar in Research Paper (85)
8.1 Style (86)
8.2 Diction (86)
8.2.1 Precision (86)
8.2.2 Economy (87)
8.3 Sentence Structure (88)
8.3.1 Overuse of Intransitive Verbs (89)
8.3.2 Runon Sentences (89)
8.3.3 Sentence Fragments (90)
8.4 Tense (97)
8.4.1 Tense Used in AppliedScience Study (97)
8.4.2 Tense Used in Describing Literature (98)
8.4.3 Tense Used in Discussing Theory or Philosophy (98)
8.4.4 Tense Used in Reporting Research Results (98)
8.4.5 Tense Used in Writing a Literary Review (99)
8.5 Verb Voice (100)
8.5.1 In Scientific and Technical Papers (101)
8.5.2 Without Concern for the Doer (102)
8.5.3 In Need of a PostModifier (102)
8.5.4 In Avoidance of Vague Pronoun Subject (102)
8.5.5 For Variety of Writing (102)
8.6 Authorial Voice (104)
8.7 Tone (106)
Unit 9 Writing the Drafts — From the First Draft to the Final Manuscript (107)
9.1 The First Draft (108)
9.2 The Second Draft (117)
9.3 The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Drafts (124)
9.4 The Final Manuscript (124)
Unit 10 Front Matter and Back Matter (132)
10.1 The Front Matter (132)
10.1.1 The Cover (133)
10.1.2 The Prospectus (133)
10.1.3 The Approval Sheet (137)
10.1.4 The Title Page (137)
10.1.5 The Outline Page (137)
10.1.6 The Abstract Page (138)
10.2 The Back Matter (140)
10.2.1 Acknowledgment (140)
10.2.2 Notation (140)
10.2.3 Appendix(es) (143)
10.2.4 Bibliography (143)
10.2.5 The Final Typescript (147)
10.2.6 The Oral Defense for Your Paper (149)
Appendix A Sample Papers (150)
Appendix B A Sample of Prospectus (232)
Bibliography (235)
Index (237)