本书具体介绍了自我意识、自我发展、人格塑造、情绪管理、挫折应对、人际交往、心理危机干预与创伤治疗等大学生心理健康必备知识，并通过心理问题测评、解决方案指引等方式提高读者心理问题应对及处理能力。

本书具有知识系统、内容丰富、贴近实际、注重实践操作等特点，因而既可以作为普通高校、高职院校大学生心理健康教育的教材，也可以作为大学生心理素质提升的自我训练指导手册。

前 言

随着经济的发展、竞争的加剧、社会观念的转变以及教育方式的转型，越来越多的人

面临着“网瘾症、抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症、人格障碍”等困扰。社会群体，特别是大学

生所要承受的各种压力越来越大，心理健康问题日益成为学生困惑、家长着急、学校重视、

全社会广泛关注的焦点和热点问题。

当代大学生离开父母独立生活，需要独自处理生活、学习、恋爱等各种问题。因社会

经验不足，遇到人际关系紧张、学业压力增大、失恋等问题时，容易产生“紧张失态、情

绪波动、内心焦虑、抑郁苦闷、束手无策”的情况，甚至导致个别人因冲动而采取极端做

法。提高大学生心理调节能力、强化大学生心理健康教育已成为亟待解决的社会问题。目

前，全国各高等院校普遍开设了大学生心理健康教育课程，为培养大学生心理健康意识、

提高心理健康素养、合理规划人生发展路径奠定了良好的基础。

为此，2011年国家教育部办公厅印发《普通高等学校学生心理健康教育工作基本建

设标准（试行）》，2018年中共教育部党组印发《高等学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》。

文件明确提出：为深入贯彻落实中共中央、国务院、国家教育部的通知，请结合本地本校

实际情况，认真贯彻执行。

大学生心理健康教育作为高校教学的公共必修课，兼具科学性、基础性和实效性。本

书作为大学生素质教育的特色教材，坚持科学发展观，严格按照国家教育部关于“加强国

民素质教育”的要求，全面贯彻国家教育部、卫生部、共青团中央《关于进一步加强和改

进大学生心理健康的意见》，结合大学生心理卫生突发事件应对和学校心理健康教育的实

践经验撰写。本教材的出版对帮助大学生提高心理调节能力、促进大学生身心健康成长、

关注自身长远发展具有特殊意义。

全书共十二章，以学习者心理素质培养为主线，结合大学生学习、生活、就业中遇到

的各种心理问题，具体介绍了如下内容：自我意识、自我发展、人格塑造、情绪管控、挫

折应对、人际交往、爱情、学习、求职、危机干预与创伤治疗等大学生心理健康必备知识，

并通过加强心理调节训练及实践体验，提高大学生对心理问题的应对与处理能力。

由于本书融入了大学生心理健康教育最新的实践教学理念，力求严谨，注重与时俱进，

具有知识系统、内容丰富、贴近实际、注重操作性等特点，因此本书既可作为普通高校、

各类高职院校大学生心理健康教育的首选教材，也可以用作大学生心理调节的自我训练指

导手册，并可为广大社区居民和社会从业人员提供有益的参考和借鉴。

本书由李大军筹划并具体组织，郑强国和刘东杰主编，郑强国统改稿，梅申、张凤霞

为副主编，心理健康教育专家陈捷教授主审。作者编写分工如下：牟惟仲（序言、），



VI

大学生心理健康

郑强国（第一章、第五章、第八章、第十二章），刘东杰（第二章、第六章、第七章），

梅申（第三章、第四章、第九章），张凤霞（第十章、第十一章），王瑞春（附录）；李

晓新（修改文字、调整版式、教学课件制作）。

在书的编著过程中，我们参阅了有关大学生心理健康教育的最新书刊、网站资料，以

及教育部、卫建委、共青团中央颁布实施的大学生心理健康教育相关管理规定，并得到有

关专家的具体指导，在此一并致谢。为配合教学，本书配有电子课件，读者可以从清华大

学出版社网站（www.tup.com.cn）免费下载。因作者水平有限，书中难免存在不足，恳请

读者批评指正。

编者

2021年5月



目 录

第一章　心理健康概论 ·················································································001

第一节 健康概述 ···········································································002

第二节 拥有健康心理的行为方式 ······················································008

第三节 关爱大学生心理健康 ····························································013

第二章　自我意识 ························································································021

第一节 自我意识概述 ·····································································022

第二节 自我意识与心理健康 ····························································031

第三节 大学生的自我完善 ·······························································035

第三章　塑造健康人格 ·················································································041

第一节 人格概述 ···········································································042

第二节 影响人格形成与发展的因素 ···················································044

第三节 健康人格的培养与发展 ·························································050

第四章　情绪管理 ························································································060

第一节 情绪的内涵 ········································································061

第二节 情绪调控方法 ·····································································066

第三节 应对压力 ···········································································075

第五章　应对挫折与承受力调适 ··································································079

第一节 挫折概述 ···········································································080

第二节 大学生挫折反应 ··································································084

第三节 大学生挫折承受力的培养 ······················································092

第六章　人际交往 ························································································099

第一节 人际交往的概述 ··································································100



VIII

大学生心理健康

第二节 人际交往能力的培养 ····························································107

第七章　健康爱情观 ····················································································115

第一节 爱情概述 ···········································································115

第二节 大学生的爱情 ·····································································117

第三节 大学生的爱情困惑及其应对 ···················································120

第八章　学习心理与压力调适 ······································································128

第一节 学习概述 ···········································································129

第二节 压力概述 ···········································································132

第三节 与压力共舞——大学生应对压力的方式········································137

第九章　积极心理学 ····················································································141

第一节 积极心理学的定义及研究内容 ················································142

第二节 积极心理学的产生及发展 ······················································146

第三节 对积极心理学的评价 ····························································151

第四节 积极心理学在教育实践中的运用 ·············································153

第十章　职业生涯规划 ·················································································158

第一节 认识职业生涯 ·····································································159

第二节 自我认知 ···········································································162

第三节 探索工作世界 ·····································································168

第四节 理性的生涯决策 ··································································173

第五节 目标的设定与行动计划 ·························································178

第六节 生涯规划的评估 ··································································180

第七节 生涯规划的调整 ··································································182

第十一章　心理疾病与心理咨询 ··································································185

第一节 心理疾病 ···········································································185

第二节 大学生常见心理疾病 ····························································187

第三节 心理咨询 ···········································································194



目　录

IX

第十二章　危机干预与创伤治疗 ··································································202

第一节 心理危机概述 ·····································································203

第二节 创伤治疗概述 ·····································································212

附录1 中共教育部党组关于印发《高等学校学生心理健康教育指导纲要》

　的通知 ····························································································219

附录2　对十三届全国人大三次会议第6612号建议的答复 ·························223

参考文献 ······································································································227



紧密围绕“知识——方法——能力”的思路，力求做到学知识、练方法、提能力。

郑强国：年龄：43、性别：男、中共党员，单位：北方工业大学经济管理学院管理系专职教师、系主任，职称：副教授、学历：管理学博士，研究领域：经济管理、人力资源管理，讲授:管理学基础、人力资源管理、大学生创新创业、大学生心理健康教育、工商企业管理、企业战略管理、个人与团队、国际市场营销、物流管理、采购管理、西方经济学等课程，研究成果：在本专业期刊上发表专业学术论文30余篇；主编8部、参编教材10多本，主持参与多个北京市级课题和企业咨询项目多项。